Leukocyte Disorders Flashcards
What constitutes the circulating pool of myeloid and lymphoid cells?
Cells that are circulating in the bloodstream
What is the absolute number?
Percentage of each type of WBC multiplied by the total WBC
Define neutropenia
WBC count less than 1500/ul
Define Neutrophilia
WBC count greater than 7700/ul
*Identify the 5 types of leukocytes found in peripheral blood
Basophils & mast cells, Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Monocytes & macrophages, Lymphocytes & plasma cells
What does left shift mean?
Increased release of precursors from bone marrow
*What are the signs of infection in neutrophilia?
Dohle bodies & toxic granules
*What are the causes of leuknopenia and leukocytosis?
Infection
*How does a neutrophil work to fight infection?
Responds to CHEMOTATIC FACTORS released from damaged tissue
ROLLS AND ATTACHES to the endothelial cell wall
protein and carbohydrate interactions (selectins and their ligands).
Becomes ACTIVATED by chemotactic factors
TIGHTLY ADHERES through the integrin family of proteins.
MIGRATES across the endothelial cell wall.
PHAGOCYTIZES organisms so that they are contained within a vesicle or phagosome.
RELEASES GRANULE PRODUCTS and reduced oxygen species (e.g. hydrogen peroxide and superoxide) to kill organisms
Describe Chediak Higashi syndrome according to the description of disease
Disease in which there is an defect in granule formation; abn. LARGE irregular neutrophil granules do not break down into smaller ones
What are the signs, symptoms, and diagnosis of Chediak Higashi syndrome?
S/SX Albinism, photophobia, neuropathy, infections
TX: BMT
Describe chronic granulomatous disease
Go back to slide 42 for summarization
Disease in which neutrophilic function is not present because catalase is absent (basically, the bacteria can get away from neutrophilic fighting)
Describe eosinophils and their function
- Bilobed nucleus
- Function in allergic reactions & parasitic reactions
*Which immunoglobin is utalized by eosinophils?
IgE
What are causes of Eosinophilis?
- Neoplasm (Hodg,lymphoma)
- Allergies, drugs, envt
- Asthma
- Colagen vascular diseases
- Parasitic infection
Where are alveolar macrophages located?
Lung
What are kupffer cells?
Macrophages found in the liver
Describe lymphocytes
Nongranulated cells that
*What are the types of lymphocytes and describe what part of immunity they are involves in
- T cells: CMI (for VIRAL infections
- B cells: humoral (antibody) (mainly bacterial infections)
- Natural Killer Cells
*What is the cause of lymphocytosis
Lymphomas
*What is the function of T cells?
Medicate cellular immunity
Define multiple myeloma
Too many plasma cells in the blood
What are 2 types of Malignant neoplastic WBC disorders?
Leukemias & Lymphomas
What are 2 types of Premalignant neoplastic WBC disorders?
Myeloproliferatice & Myelodysplastic
What are the 4 types of leukemia?
AML, ALL, CML, and CLL
Who is ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia) most common in?
Children
Who is AML (acute myeloid leukemia) more common in?
Adults
What lab values will present in a patient with leukemia?
Anemia, decreased platelets, variable WBC count
- Define acute leukemia
increase in the number of immature cells in the bone marrow > 20 % blast cells
*Which type of leukemia is worse, APL or AML
APL because a person can die of bleeding if not immediately treated
What is used to determine the classificationof AML?
- Bone marrow blast morphology
- Degree of cell maturation
- Cytochemical stains
- Immunophenotyping
*What are the characteristics of a blast cell?
- Huge nucleus
- Nucleoli stain lighter, not darker
- No cytoplasmic differentiation
*What is a characteristic of AML cells
Auer Rods
- What type of blood smear presents in a patient with neutrophilia?
Dohle bodies and toxic granules
