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Blood & Screening Tests > Bacteriology Part 1 > Flashcards

Bacteriology Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

*Define normal flora

A

Bacteria and fungi that are permanent residents of certain body sites (skin, oropharynx, and vagina)

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2
Q

*Define endemic

A

Bug specific to a certain region (ex histoplasmosis)

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3
Q
  • Define epidemic
A

Bug that affects a broader population (ex Ebola)

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4
Q
  • Define Pandemic
A

Bug that spans continents; worldwide (HIV; black plague)

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5
Q

*Define subclinical

A

Pathogen/disease is present but does not present with any symptoms (ex chlamydia)

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6
Q

*Define Latent

A

Bug that remains in an inactive or hidden phase (ex herpes simplex)

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7
Q

*What is the source of exotoxins?

A

G+ and G- bacteremia

primarily gram + bacteria

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8
Q
  • a. What is the source of endotoxins

b. what are the symptoms?

A

a. G-Rods and Cocci (gram- bacteria)

b. Fever, shock, general sympt

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9
Q
  • Name 4 main portals for transmission
A

GI tract, Genital tract, skin, Respiratory tract

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10
Q
  • Name examples of Gram + cocci
A

S. Pneumoniae, S. Pyogenes, S. aureus

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11
Q
  • Name examples of Gram - cocci
A

N. meningitis

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12
Q
  • a) What organism causes tetanus toxin

b) what disease is caused

A

a) Clostridium tetani

b) lockjaw

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13
Q
  • a) What organism causes botulinum toxin

b) What disease is caused

A

a) Clostridium botulinum

b) Botulism–> parylasis of muscles

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14
Q
  • What organism causes Exotoxin A
A

Clostridium difficile

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15
Q
  • What symptom does Clostridium difficile cause?
A

Watery diarrhea

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16
Q
  • What organism causes alpha toxin
A

Clostridium perfringens

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17
Q

*Which action does Clostridium perfringens lead to?

A

Wide spread cell death

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18
Q

*What organism causes anthrax?

A

Bacillus anthracis

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19
Q
  • What is a symptom of anthrax?
A

Tissue edema (of lungs)

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20
Q
  • What organism causes toxic shock syndrome?
A

Staphylococcus aureus

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21
Q

*What organism causes erythrogenic toxin?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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22
Q
  • What disease is streptococcus pyogenes associated with?
A

Scarlet fever (characteristic rash)

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23
Q
  • What organism is associated with heat-liable enterotoxin?
A

E. coli

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24
Q

*What disorder is caused by E-coli

A

Watery, nonbloody diarrhea

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25
Q
  • What organism is associated with Verotoxin
A

E. Coli O157: H7

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26
Q
  • a) What is the source of E. coli O157: H7?

b) what symptom results?

A

a) Undercooked hamburger

b) Bloody diarrhea

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27
Q

*What symptom does cholerae enterotoxin cause?

A

Diarrhea

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28
Q

What is the difference between coagulase + and coagulase -

A

Coagulase + forms a clot due to the conversion of fibrogenin to fibrin; coagulase - does not form a clot

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29
Q
  • What are the 3 types of staphylococcus?
A

Staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, and staphylococcus saprophyticus

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30
Q

What disorder is staphylococcus aureus associated with?

A

ABSCESSES, Endocarditis, & Osteomyelitis

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31
Q

What disorder is staphylococcus epidermidis associated with?

A

Endocarditis

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32
Q

What disorder is staphylococcus saprophyticus associated with?

A

UTIs

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33
Q
  • a)What symptoms do enterotoxins cause?

b) what is often associated?

A

a) Vomiting and watery, nonbloody diarrhea

b) FOOD POISONING

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34
Q

*What disorder is associated with Exfoliatin (type of toxin)

A

Scalded skin syndrome

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35
Q

*What symptoms are associated with Toxic Shock Syndrome?

A

Fever, hypotension, rash

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36
Q

What smear do Gram + cocci present with?

A

grape-like clusters

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37
Q

*What disease is associated with streptococcus?

A

Pharyngitis

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38
Q

How are spherical cocci usually arranged?

A

Chains or pairs

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39
Q

*What is associated with Erythrogenic toxin?

A

Scarlet fever

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40
Q
  • What is Streptolysin O associated with?
A

Rheumatic fever

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41
Q
  • What is Pyrogenis exotoxin A associated with?
A

Super antigen

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42
Q
  • What is associated with Exotoxin B?
A

Necrotizing fascitis

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43
Q

What is streptococcus bovis endocarditis associated with?

A

Colon cancer

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44
Q

*What disease is elevated ASO (antistreptylocin) titers associated with?

A

Rheumatic fever

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45
Q

What is the shape of the streptococcus pneumonia bug?

A

Lancet shaped cocci (comma) and arranged in pairs (diplococci)

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46
Q

What is streptoccus pneumoniae associated with?

A

Rusty color sputum

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47
Q

*What are the 2 main types of gram- cocci?

A

Neisseria meningitis and Neisseria gonorrhea

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48
Q

*What disease is neisseria meningitis associated with?

A

Meningitis and meningitiscoccemia

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49
Q
  • What disease is neisseria gonorrhoeae associated with?
A

Gonorrhea and neonatal conjunctivitis

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50
Q

What shape do Neisseria have?

A

Gram- rods resembling kidney beans

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51
Q

*What does the N. meningitidis capsule resist?

A

Phagocytosis

52
Q
  • What are the signs of meningitis?
A

Fever, stiff neck, increased # PMN’s in spinal fluid

53
Q

a)What is the life threatening form of meningitis and b) what organism causes it?

A

Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome

b) Meningococcemia

54
Q

People with burns (and newborns) are particularly succeptable to which organism?

A

Neisseria gonorrhoea

55
Q

What is the only gram + rod that has anaerobic growth?

A

Clostridium

56
Q

*What organism causes anthrax?

A

Bacillus Anthracis

57
Q

What occupation could make someone susceptible to anthrax?

A

Farmer, someone who takes care of livestock (as bacillus anthracis is common in animals)

58
Q

*What is the trasmission of Gram + rods?

A

Spores persist in soil–> transmission to hums via spores on animal products–> portal skin, mucus membranes, and respiratory tract

59
Q

*What disease are the following signs characteristic of: malignant pustule, painless ulcer with black necrotic eschar, and edema?

A

Wool sorters disease

60
Q

*What is the organism bacillus cereus associated with?

61
Q

*What is clostridium perfringens associated with?

A

Food poisoning and gas gangrene (myonecrosis)

62
Q

What is clostridium difficile associated with?

A

antibiotic-associated pseudomembraneous colitis

63
Q

What do clostridium tetani spores look like?

A

tennis racket appearance

64
Q

*How is clostridium botulinum transmitted?

A

Canned vegetables and meats

65
Q

*What type of bacteria is clostridium botulinum?

A

Spore formung, Gram +, anaerobe

66
Q
  • How is the infant ingested form of afebrile (or c. botulinum) transmitted?
A

contaminated honey

67
Q

How is Clostridium difficile transmitted?

A

hands via oral fecal route (handwashing is impt)

68
Q

What symptom does Endotoxin A of c. difficle cause?

A

Watery diarrhea

69
Q
  • What organism causes diptheria?
A

Corynebacterium diptheriae

70
Q

What symptom is associated with Corynebacterium diptheriae?

A

tough adherent gray pseudomenbrane of throat/ also coughing

71
Q

*What organism causes meningitis and sepsis in newborns & immunocompromised hosts?

A

Listeria monocytogenes

72
Q

*How is Listeria monocytogenes transmitted?

A

Fecal material, unpasteurized milk, and contaminated vegetables

73
Q

What food is listeriosis associated with?

A

unpasteurized cheese

74
Q

What is the most common cause of UTI & gram - sepsis

75
Q

What disease is Enterotoxigenic E. Coli responsible for causing?

A

Traveler’s diarrhea

76
Q

What organism causes bloody diarrhea?

A

E. Coli 0157: H7

77
Q

*What is the cause of E. Coli O157: H7?

A

undercooked meats

78
Q

What disease does the salmonella cause?

A

Typhoid fever

79
Q
  • a)What organism causes salmonellois and

b) what is the cause?

A

a) S. enterica

b) Uncooked poultry (and eggs)

80
Q

*What organism is liked to typhoid mary?

81
Q

What is the organism Shigella linked to?

A

Enterocolitis (dysentary)

82
Q

*What organism is commonly found in daycares?

83
Q

*What is the most effective method used to prevent transmission of organisms?

A

Handwashing

84
Q

*What organism causes Cholera?

A

Vibrio cholerae

85
Q
  • What organism causes diarrhea and is associated with eating raw/improperly cooked seafoods?
A

Vibrio parahaemolyticus

86
Q

What organism is comma-shaped and lives in high salt concentrations?

A

Vibro parahawmolyticus

87
Q

*What are 2 symptoms associated with Cholera?

A

Rice water stools and hypovolemic shock (acidosis & hypokalemia)

88
Q

What organism is the major cause of diarrhea in the US?

A

Campylobacter jejuni

89
Q

*What organism causes Peptic ulcer disease?

A

Heliobacter pylori

90
Q

*What organism produces a blue pus color and is florescent in UV light?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

91
Q

What organism is prevalent in water, swimming pools, and hot tubs?

A

Pseudomonas

92
Q

What organism causes symptoms that mimic appendicitis?

A

Yersinia enterocoltica

93
Q

*What organism produces a thick, currant jelly sputum?

A

Kelbsiella pneumonia

94
Q
  • What does Proteus-Providencia-morganela group cause?
A

Struvite (type of kidney stone)

95
Q

What organism is a common cause of UTIs?

A

P. Mirabilis

96
Q

*What kind of infections does H. influenzae cause?

A

(Respiratory infections)Otitis media, sinusitis, epiglottis

97
Q

*What is the leading cause of meningitis in children?

A

H. influenzaw

98
Q
  • Type B capsular antigen of H. Influenzae is associated with what disease?
A

Meningitis and sepsis

99
Q

*What organism causes Epiglottitis?

A

Haemophilus Influenzae

100
Q

What disorder does Legonella pneumophilia cause?

101
Q
  • What population is primarily affected by Legionella pneumophillia?
A

older smoking male consuming substantial amounts of ETOH

102
Q
  • What disorder is associated with Bordatella pertussis?
A

Whooping cough

103
Q

What organism is responsible for causing onion skin rot?

A

Burkholderia cepacia

104
Q
  • What organism is transmitted by cat and dog bites?
A

Pasteurella multocida

105
Q

*What organism is transmitted by rodents, prairie dogs, and flea bites?

A

Yersinia pestis

106
Q

*What organism is transmitted by contact with animal tissues (rabbits, ticks, deer)?

A

Francisella tularensis

107
Q

*What organism is transmitted by contact with contaminated dairy products, and contact with animal tissue (pigs, cattle, goats, sheep)?

A

Brucella species

108
Q
  • What disease does Brucella species cause?
A

Brucellosis

109
Q
  • a) What disease does Francisella tularensis cause?

b) What is associated with its transport?

A

a) Tularemia (endemic to AR)

b) ticks, mites, and lice

110
Q

*What organism causes the disease Buboni plaque, Black death?

A

Yersinia pestis

111
Q

*What organism causes the disease cellulitis?

A

Pasteurella multocida

112
Q

What organism causes undulant fever?

A

Brucellosis

113
Q

What organism resembles the shape of a safety pin?

A

Yersinia pestis

114
Q

What organism causes syphilis?

A

T. Pallidum

115
Q

** What organism causes lyme disease?

A

Borrelia Burgdorferi

116
Q

*What organism causes relapsing fever and is transmitted by body louse?

A

Borrelia Recurrentis

117
Q
  • What organism causes TB?
A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

118
Q

*What organism is an obligate aerobe and involces acid-fast?

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

119
Q

What organism causes leprosy, hansen’s disease?

A

Mycobacterium leprae

120
Q

*What organism causes walking pneuomina and is common in young, health smokers?

A

Mycoplasm pneumonia

121
Q

*What disease does R. Rickettsii cause?

A

Rocky mountain spotted fever

122
Q

**What organism is linked to farm animals, inhales aerosols, and ingested milk?

A

Coxiella Brunetti

123
Q
  • What disease is caused by Coxiella Brunetti?
A

Q (query) fever

124
Q

** If someone is treated for mycoplasma pneumonia & they aren’t getting better what organism might you consider and why?

A

Coxielle Burnetti because it has similar symptoms such as atypical pneumonia and subacute endocarditis

125
Q

*What organism causes catch scratch disease?

A

Bartonella henselae

126
Q

*What disease is associated with B. Quintana?

A

Trench fever

Blood & Screening Tests (10 decks)

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