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Blood & Screening Tests > Blood Components > Flashcards

Blood Components Flashcards

1
Q

*What is the #1 protein in plasma?

A

Albumin

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2
Q

What is the life expectancy of RBCs?

A

120 days

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3
Q

What is the function of RBCs?

A

Gas transport; vasodilator

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4
Q

Where are RBCs produced?

A

Red bone marrow

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5
Q

What growth factor increases RBCs?

A

Erythropoeitin (EPO)

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6
Q

What growth factor stimulates platelet formation?

A

Thrombopoietin (TPO)

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7
Q

What growth factor stimulates hemopoiesis–> increases WBCs?

A

Cytokines

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8
Q

Sustained elevation in which cells indicate inflammation/infection?

A

Band cells

indicates a shift to the left

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9
Q

What do eosinophils respond to?

A

Parasitic diseases or allergic reaction

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10
Q

What do basophils respond to?

A

Allergic reactions

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11
Q

*What do basophils secrete?

A

Histamine, serotonin, and heparin

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12
Q

What are components of blood?

A

Plasma, WBCs, platelets, & RBCs

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13
Q

What is the second line of defense against infection?

A

Monocytes (a type of agranulocyte cell)

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14
Q

What do neutrophils respond to?

A

Bacterial infection

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15
Q

What do lymphocytes respond to?

A

Viral infection

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16
Q

What do monocytes respond to?

A

Fungal/viral infection

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17
Q

What is the differential WBC count of Neutrophils?

A

60

18
Q

What is the differential WBC count of Lymphocytes?

A

30

19
Q

What is the differential WBC count of Monocytes?

A

6

20
Q

What is the differential WBC count of Eosinophils?

A

3

21
Q

What is the differential WBC count of Basophils?

A

0.6

22
Q

Describe the medical conditions associated with sickle cell anemia.

A

Genetic mutation (mostly Hgs), deformed RBCs, less blood reaches body area, sickle cells are destroyed rapidly–> anemia

23
Q

Compare the roles of iron in the proper development and function of a red blood cell.

A
  • Utilized in bone marrow -erythropoiesis

- The porphyrin ring of HGB is converted by the macrophages into the bile pigment, bilirubin?

24
Q

Compare the roles of Vitamin B12 in proper development and function of a red blood cell.

A

-If deficiency = erythroblastic bone marrow cells fail to proliferate rapidly and they become larger than normal (megaloblasts)

25
Q

Which deficiency causes a demyelinating disorder affecting peripheral nerves and spinal cord

A

Vitamin B12

26
Q

Compare the roles of folate in the proper development and function of a red blood cell.

A
  • Essential for synthesis of DNA

- RBC shape and consistency changes

27
Q

Compare the roles of Vitamin C in the proper development and function of a red blood cell.

A
  • Needed for metabolism of folic acid
  • Increases absorption of iron
  • Essential in the formation of collagen
  • Promotes wound healing
28
Q

Define polycythemia

A

Too many RBCs

29
Q

Define Leukocytosis

A

Too many WBCs

30
Q

Define Leukopenia

A

Too few WBCs

31
Q

Identify the NL ratio of reticulocytes

A
  • NL retic fraction ~ 0.5% to 2.0% in adults

- A higher than “NL” retic % can be sign of anemia

32
Q

Define totipotent

A

Stem cell that can giving rise to any cell type

33
Q

Define pluoripotent

A

Stem cell that can give rise to several different cell types.

34
Q

Describe the medical conditions associated a stomatocyte.

A

Seen in hereditary stomatocytosis, liver disease, acute alcoholism

35
Q

Describe the medical conditions associated with a shistocyte (helmet cell)

A
  • LIVER DISEASE
  • THALASSEMIA
  • IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA
  • HEMOGLOBINOPATHIES
36
Q

Describe the medical conditions associated with a eliptocyte/ovalocyte

A
  • HEREDITARY ELIPTOCYTOSIS
  • SEEN IN IRON DEFICIENCY
  • WEAKENING OF SKELETON MEMBRANE AND DEFFECTIVE PROTEIN THAT HOLDS SKELETON TOGETHER
37
Q

Describe the medical conditions associated with a tear drop cell (dacryocytes)

A
  • From membrane damage to RBC during maturation in crowded bone marrow environment and/or damage at time of exit from marrow
  • Myeloproliferative disorder
  • Thalassemia
  • Pernicious anemia
  • Tuberculosis
38
Q

Describe the medical conditions associated with a burr cell

A

uremia

  • pyruvate kinase def, gastric cancer
  • bleeding peptic ulcer
39
Q

Describe the medical conditions associated with a spurr cell (acanthocyte)

A
  • aquired or inherited disorders, neuromuscular disorders

- alcoholic cirrhosis & other severe liver diseases

40
Q

Describe the medical conditions associated with a spherocyte

A
  • autoimmune hemolytic anemia
  • hemolytic transfusion reactions
  • sepsis
  • severe burns
  • toxins (clostridium perfringens (snake venoms)

Blood & Screening Tests (10 decks)

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