Blood Components Flashcards
*What is the #1 protein in plasma?
Albumin
What is the life expectancy of RBCs?
120 days
What is the function of RBCs?
Gas transport; vasodilator
Where are RBCs produced?
Red bone marrow
What growth factor increases RBCs?
Erythropoeitin (EPO)
What growth factor stimulates platelet formation?
Thrombopoietin (TPO)
What growth factor stimulates hemopoiesis–> increases WBCs?
Cytokines
Sustained elevation in which cells indicate inflammation/infection?
Band cells
indicates a shift to the left
What do eosinophils respond to?
Parasitic diseases or allergic reaction
What do basophils respond to?
Allergic reactions
*What do basophils secrete?
Histamine, serotonin, and heparin
What are components of blood?
Plasma, WBCs, platelets, & RBCs
What is the second line of defense against infection?
Monocytes (a type of agranulocyte cell)
What do neutrophils respond to?
Bacterial infection
What do lymphocytes respond to?
Viral infection
What do monocytes respond to?
Fungal/viral infection
What is the differential WBC count of Neutrophils?
60
What is the differential WBC count of Lymphocytes?
30
What is the differential WBC count of Monocytes?
6
What is the differential WBC count of Eosinophils?
3
What is the differential WBC count of Basophils?
0.6
Describe the medical conditions associated with sickle cell anemia.
Genetic mutation (mostly Hgs), deformed RBCs, less blood reaches body area, sickle cells are destroyed rapidly–> anemia
Compare the roles of iron in the proper development and function of a red blood cell.
- Utilized in bone marrow -erythropoiesis
- The porphyrin ring of HGB is converted by the macrophages into the bile pigment, bilirubin?
Compare the roles of Vitamin B12 in proper development and function of a red blood cell.
-If deficiency = erythroblastic bone marrow cells fail to proliferate rapidly and they become larger than normal (megaloblasts)
Which deficiency causes a demyelinating disorder affecting peripheral nerves and spinal cord
Vitamin B12
Compare the roles of folate in the proper development and function of a red blood cell.
- Essential for synthesis of DNA
- RBC shape and consistency changes
Compare the roles of Vitamin C in the proper development and function of a red blood cell.
- Needed for metabolism of folic acid
- Increases absorption of iron
- Essential in the formation of collagen
- Promotes wound healing
Define polycythemia
Too many RBCs
Define Leukocytosis
Too many WBCs
Define Leukopenia
Too few WBCs
Identify the NL ratio of reticulocytes
- NL retic fraction ~ 0.5% to 2.0% in adults
- A higher than “NL” retic % can be sign of anemia
Define totipotent
Stem cell that can giving rise to any cell type
Define pluoripotent
Stem cell that can give rise to several different cell types.
Describe the medical conditions associated a stomatocyte.
Seen in hereditary stomatocytosis, liver disease, acute alcoholism
Describe the medical conditions associated with a shistocyte (helmet cell)
- LIVER DISEASE
- THALASSEMIA
- IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA
- HEMOGLOBINOPATHIES
Describe the medical conditions associated with a eliptocyte/ovalocyte
- HEREDITARY ELIPTOCYTOSIS
- SEEN IN IRON DEFICIENCY
- WEAKENING OF SKELETON MEMBRANE AND DEFFECTIVE PROTEIN THAT HOLDS SKELETON TOGETHER
Describe the medical conditions associated with a tear drop cell (dacryocytes)
- From membrane damage to RBC during maturation in crowded bone marrow environment and/or damage at time of exit from marrow
- Myeloproliferative disorder
- Thalassemia
- Pernicious anemia
- Tuberculosis
Describe the medical conditions associated with a burr cell
uremia
- pyruvate kinase def, gastric cancer
- bleeding peptic ulcer
Describe the medical conditions associated with a spurr cell (acanthocyte)
- aquired or inherited disorders, neuromuscular disorders
- alcoholic cirrhosis & other severe liver diseases
Describe the medical conditions associated with a spherocyte
- autoimmune hemolytic anemia
- hemolytic transfusion reactions
- sepsis
- severe burns
- toxins (clostridium perfringens (snake venoms)
