Blood Components

Question 1

*What is the #1 protein in plasma?

Answer 1

Albumin

Question 2

What is the life expectancy of RBCs?

Answer 2

120 days

Question 3

What is the function of RBCs?

Answer 3

Gas transport; vasodilator

Question 4

Where are RBCs produced?

Answer 4

Red bone marrow

Question 5

What growth factor increases RBCs?

Answer 5

Erythropoeitin (EPO)

Question 6

What growth factor stimulates platelet formation?

Answer 6

Thrombopoietin (TPO)

Question 7

What growth factor stimulates hemopoiesis–> increases WBCs?

Answer 7

Cytokines

Question 8

Sustained elevation in which cells indicate inflammation/infection?

Answer 8

Band cells

indicates a shift to the left

Question 9

What do eosinophils respond to?

Answer 9

Parasitic diseases or allergic reaction

Question 10

What do basophils respond to?

Answer 10

Allergic reactions

Question 11

*What do basophils secrete?

Answer 11

Histamine, serotonin, and heparin

Question 12

What are components of blood?

Answer 12

Plasma, WBCs, platelets, & RBCs

Question 13

What is the second line of defense against infection?

Answer 13

Monocytes (a type of agranulocyte cell)

Question 14

What do neutrophils respond to?

Answer 14

Bacterial infection

Question 15

What do lymphocytes respond to?

Answer 15

Viral infection

Question 16

What do monocytes respond to?

Answer 16

Fungal/viral infection

Question 17

What is the differential WBC count of Neutrophils?

Answer 17

60

Question 18

What is the differential WBC count of Lymphocytes?

Answer 18

30

Question 19

What is the differential WBC count of Monocytes?

Answer 19

6

Question 20

What is the differential WBC count of Eosinophils?

Answer 20

3

Question 21

What is the differential WBC count of Basophils?

Answer 21

0.6

Question 22

Describe the medical conditions associated with sickle cell anemia.

Answer 22

Genetic mutation (mostly Hgs), deformed RBCs, less blood reaches body area, sickle cells are destroyed rapidly–> anemia

Question 23

Compare the roles of iron in the proper development and function of a red blood cell.

Answer 23

• Utilized in bone marrow -erythropoiesis

- The porphyrin ring of HGB is converted by the macrophages into the bile pigment, bilirubin?

Question 24

Compare the roles of Vitamin B12 in proper development and function of a red blood cell.

Answer 24

-If deficiency = erythroblastic bone marrow cells fail to proliferate rapidly and they become larger than normal (megaloblasts)

Question 25

Which deficiency causes a demyelinating disorder affecting peripheral nerves and spinal cord

Answer 25

Vitamin B12

Question 26

Compare the roles of folate in the proper development and function of a red blood cell.

Answer 26

- Essential for synthesis of DNA | - RBC shape and consistency changes

Question 27

Compare the roles of Vitamin C in the proper development and function of a red blood cell.

Answer 27

- Needed for metabolism of folic acid - Increases absorption of iron - Essential in the formation of collagen - Promotes wound healing

Question 28

Define polycythemia

Answer 28

Too many RBCs

Question 29

Define Leukocytosis

Answer 29

Too many WBCs

Question 30

Define Leukopenia

Answer 30

Too few WBCs

Question 31

Identify the NL ratio of reticulocytes

Answer 31

- NL retic fraction ~ 0.5% to 2.0% in adults | - A higher than “NL” retic % can be sign of anemia

Question 32

Define totipotent

Answer 32

Stem cell that can giving rise to any cell type

Question 33

Define pluoripotent

Answer 33

Stem cell that can give rise to several different cell types.

Question 34

Describe the medical conditions associated a stomatocyte.

Answer 34

Seen in hereditary stomatocytosis, liver disease, acute alcoholism

Question 35

Describe the medical conditions associated with a shistocyte (helmet cell)

Answer 35

- LIVER DISEASE - THALASSEMIA - IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA - HEMOGLOBINOPATHIES

Question 36

Describe the medical conditions associated with a eliptocyte/ovalocyte

Answer 36

- HEREDITARY ELIPTOCYTOSIS - SEEN IN IRON DEFICIENCY - WEAKENING OF SKELETON MEMBRANE AND DEFFECTIVE PROTEIN THAT HOLDS SKELETON TOGETHER

Question 37

Describe the medical conditions associated with a tear drop cell (dacryocytes)

Answer 37

- From membrane damage to RBC during maturation in crowded bone marrow environment and/or damage at time of exit from marrow - Myeloproliferative disorder - Thalassemia - Pernicious anemia - Tuberculosis

Question 38

Describe the medical conditions associated with a burr cell

Answer 38

uremia - pyruvate kinase def, gastric cancer - bleeding peptic ulcer

Question 39

Describe the medical conditions associated with a spurr cell (acanthocyte)

Answer 39

- aquired or inherited disorders, neuromuscular disorders | - alcoholic cirrhosis & other severe liver diseases

Question 40

Describe the medical conditions associated with a spherocyte

Answer 40

- autoimmune hemolytic anemia - hemolytic transfusion reactions - sepsis - severe burns - toxins (clostridium perfringens (snake venoms)