Leukemias, Lymphomas, Myeloproliferative Syndromes Flashcards
The basic neoplastic cell in this disease is the malignant reticulum cell
Hodgkin Lymphoma
The binucleated form of a malignant reticulum cell commonly found in Hodgkin Lymphoma is known as:
Reed-Sternberg cells
The male:female ratio in Hodgkin Lymphoma is _____
4:1
A bimodal age distribution exists in Hodgkin Lymphoma with one peak at ages __-__ and another after age __
15-34, 54
The most frequent manifestation of Hodgkin Lymphoma is localized, progressive, painless ______
Lymphadenopathy
Fever of unknown origin, pruritis (itching), and immediate pain in disease areas after drinking alcohol are all common in ______
Hodgkin Lymphoma
_____ is found in 33-50% of Hodgkin Lymphoma patients
Anemia
Primary erythrocytosis is also known as:
Polycythemia Vera
The mean age at diagnoses of Polycythemia Vera (PV) is ___, with a range of 15-90yo
60
Patients may be asymptomatic (or present with non-specific complaints), have ERYTHROMELALGIA (burning pain in hands/feet), have arterial and venous occlusive events, HA, pruritus (itching), peptic ulcer disease, Budd-Chiari syndrome, or bone pain (ribs/sternum) in this blood disease.
Polycythemia Vera (PV)
Hyperuricemia (Uric acid), hypercholesterolemia, and decreased erythropoietin (EPO) levels are found in this type of erythrocytosis
Polycythemia Vera (primary)
____ erythrocytosis is that which develops secondary to disorders that cause tissue hypoxia, inappropriately increase erythropoietin production, or increase sensitivity to erythropoietin (i.e. high altitude, smoking, chronic lung disease)
Secondary
____ erythrocytosis is when normal total RBC mass falsely appears increased due to a decrease in plasma volume
Relative
Relative erythrocytosis is basically due to ______
Dehydration
____ is characterized by progressive and uncontrolled proliferation and accumulation of abnormal leukocytes
Leukemia
This type of leukemia is characterized by an excess of lymphoblasts. It is the most common cancer of childhood.
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
The peak incidence for ALL is between __ and __ years of age
2-5
In ALL, anemia is present in __% of cases and is generally of moderate to severe degree
90%
_____ leukemia is characterized by proliferation and accumulation of abnormal immature myeloid progenitors (blasts) w/reduced capacity to differentiate into more mature cellular elements. 2nd most common type of leukemia in adults.
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
Myeloblasts w/Auer rods are ONLY found in ____ leukemia
Acute myeloid (AML)
____ leukemia is a monoclonal disorder characterized by a progressive accumulation of mature, but functionally incompetent lymphocytes.
Chronic lymphocytic (CLL)
Smudge cells (ruptured lymphocytes) are seen in this type of leukemia
Chronic Lymphocytic (CLL)
A hallmark of ____ leukemia is Philadelphia chromosome
Chronic Myelogenous (CML)
In ____ leukemia, the WBC count is markedly increased (usually about 200,000, but could reach 1 million/ul), particularly the eosinophil and basophil concentrations are strikingly high.
Chronic Myelogenous (CML)
There are two subtypes of Hodgkin Lymphoma. The classic subtype occurs in __% of cases, while the Nodular Lymphocyte Predominant subtype occurs in __% of cases.
95%, 5%
____ is a glycoprotein cytokine secreted by the kidney in response to cellular hypoxia; it stimulates RBC production in the bone marrow.
Erythropoietin
Myelofibrosis can develop in the “spent” phase of this blood disease (late/post disease phase)
Polycythemia Vera (PV)
Cure rate for classic Hodgkin Lymphoma? %
80%
Currently, survival is >__ years w/treatment of PV. Median survival ranges from __-__ years
15, 7-15
In ______, the malignant cells eventually overgrow and replace normal bone marrow cells, which leads to diminished production of normal RBCs, WBCs and platelets.
Leukemia
In ____ leukemias the predominant cell is usually the blast. There are usually more than __% blasts in the peripheral blood.
Acute, 25%
A common etiology for leukemias is the _____ virus
Epstein-Barr
A very commonly enlarged organ in leukemia’s is the _____
Spleen (splenomegaly)
T/F: ALL is more common in Caucasians and boys.
TRUE
Long-term survival rate for patients w/ALL (overall) is about __%
80%
The incidence of ____ leukemia increases with age, and the median age is >70 years
Acute Myeloid (AML)
____ represents the most common form of leukemia in adults in the US.
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
It is not uncommon for ___ leukemia to be discovered incidentally. Up to 40% of patients are asymptomatic at the time of diagnoses.
Chronic Lymphocytic (CLL)
Average survival for this type of leukemia is 3-7 years after diagnoses, with a large number of patients alive at 8-10 years.
CLL
There are 3 clinical phases of this type of leukemia. The chronic phase, an accelerated phase, and a blast phase or crisis (transformation to acute leukemia)
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)
