Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clinical Pathology > Complete Urinalysis > Flashcards

Complete Urinalysis Flashcards

1
Q

Normal colors of urine? (2)

A

Yellow, amber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Yellow foam in urine is indicative of?

A

Bile pigments - bilirubin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

White foam in urine is indicative of what?

A

Albumin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

____ is a measure of the dissolved substances present in the urine. It is a physical property of urine and an expression of concentration.

A

Specific Gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Normal specific gravity range?

A

1.003-1.030

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

A specific gravity of greater than ____ indicates normal urine concentrating ability.

A

1.023

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Inability to concentrate urine may accompany certain diseases, such as _____

A

Diabetes insipidus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Normal range for urine pH?

A

4.5-8.0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Low or high pH? Cystitis, old urine

A

High

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Fevers and high protein diets may cause the urine pH to be ___

A

Low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A chem strip is particularly sensitive to _____, the dominant constituent in proteinuria

A

Albumin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The two types of proteinuria?

A

Functional, organic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which type of proteinuria is associated with an “ah-ha” clinical finding?

A

Organic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name the type of proteinuria:

  • severe muscular exertion
  • pregnancy
  • orthostatic proteinuria
  • cold
  • high protein diet
A

Functional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the most common type of functional proteinuria?

A

Orthostatic proteinuria (allows albumin to show up in the urine when the patient is standing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

A possible reason for decreased glucose in the urine is treatment with _____

A

Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The most common reason for glucosuria?

A

Diabetes Mellitus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Prolonged exposure to room temperature, a specific gravity >1.020 and increased pH causes falsely ____ glucose levels

A

Low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The normal renal threshold is usually about ___mg/100ml serum glucose level

A

180

20
Q

List two common reasons for glucosuria WITHOUT hyperglycemia

A
  1. Pregnancy
  2. Renal glycosuria (when an individual spills glucose at a lower blood level than the average person - due to low tubular transfer reabsorptive capacities)
21
Q

____ appears when there is an increased use of fat instead of carbohydrate for metabolism.

A

Ketonuria

22
Q

___ is practically the only disease in which ketonuria has real diagnostic importance

A

Diabetes

23
Q

Severe dehydration (from vomiting, diarrhea, severe infections), starvation, and alcoholism are all possible reasons for ____uria

A

Ketone

24
Q

___ is the presence of intact RBCs in the urine.

A

Hematuria

25
Q

A leukocyte ____ test will detect about 85-95% of patients with abnormal number of WBCs in centrifuged urinary sediment

A

Esterase

26
Q

A nitrite test is for what?

A

Bacteria, specifically gram-negative

27
Q

What enzyme can reduce urinary nitrates to nitrites?

A

Reductase

28
Q

At least how many hours must urine be incubated in the bladder for a positive nitrite test?

A

4 hours

29
Q

The appearance of bilirubin in the urine usually indicates a problem with what organ?

A

Liver (or gallbladder)

30
Q

Only ___ bilirubin can be detected in the urine because it is water-soluble.

A

Conjugated

31
Q

Two DDXs for hyperbilirubinuria?

A
  1. Liver disease

2. Biliary tract obstruction

32
Q

Increased urine urobilinogen is usually due to ____ dysfunction

A

Liver (cirrhosis, severe hepatitis)

33
Q

The reference range is generally 0-2 ___, and 0-5 ___ per high-power field, and only an occasional cast.

A

RBCs, WBCs

34
Q

What is a common organ affected when hematuria is found?

A

Kidney

35
Q

Name for WBCs found in the urine?

A

Pyuria

36
Q

Pyuria of ___ origin is usually accompanied by significant proteinuria

A

Renal

37
Q

WBC casts are definite evidence that urinary WBCs originate in the ____ (organ)

A

Kidney

38
Q

More than __ squamous epithelial cells per low-power field provide an adequate guidepost for suspicion of contamination.

A

10

39
Q

Name the cast type: skinny, long, pointy ends

A

Hyaline

40
Q

Name the cast: fat, chopped-off ends

A

Waxy

41
Q

___ casts are indicative of acute glomerulonephritis (AGN)

A

RBC

42
Q

____ casts are indicative of acute pyelonephritis

A

WBC

43
Q

This type of cast WAS a RBC cast…

A

Granular

44
Q

This type of cast should be considered “junk”, or a fake-out

A

Pseudocasts

45
Q

What 3 types of casts are ALWAYS significant?

A

Fatty, RBC, WBC

46
Q

Budding, ovoid shape, and slightly more opaque are things that help differentiate ___ from RBCs in a urine microscopic examination

A

Yeast

47
Q

A disorder of salt and water metabolism characterized by intense thirst and heavy urination

A

Diabetes Insipidus

Clinical Pathology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions