Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clinical Pathology > Blood Proteins & Electrophoresis > Flashcards

Blood Proteins & Electrophoresis Flashcards

1
Q

The minimum daily requirement is about __-__ grams of first class protein.

A

40-60

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The rate of protein synthesis is increased by what three things?

A
  1. T4
  2. Cortisol
  3. Anabolic steroids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The rate of protein synthesis is decreased by protein malnutrition, malignancies, and ___ environments

A

Hot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

In the classification of proteins by solubility, ____ is water soluble, and ___ is non-water soluble

A

Albumin, globulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

These three proteins are insoluble in most common regents:

A
  1. Collagen
  2. Elastin
  3. Keratin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Proteins are the most significant component contributing to the ____ within the vascular space. This helps keep fluid in the vascular space.

A

Osmotic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Immunoglobulins are synthesized in the _____ system

A

Lymphoreticular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the key organ for protein metabolism?

A

Liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Albumin makes up approximately __% of the total protein

A

60%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The most osmotically active of the plasma proteins?

A

Albumin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

___ are the key building block of antibodies

A

Globulins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The major purpose of albumin within the blood is to maintain colloidal ____

A

Osmotic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

___ transports important blood constituents such as drugs, hormones and enzymes

A

Albumin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name the collagen vascular disease that causes low albumin levels, but globulins are normal/increased to maintain total protein levels.

A

Lupus erythematosus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Chronic liver diseases would result in what levels of albumin and globulin?

A

Low albumin, high globulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Normally the albumin:globulin ratio exceeds ____

A

1.0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Prolonged application of a tourniquet can ____ both fractions of total proteins (increase/decrease)

A

Increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Normal values for total protein?

A

6.4-8.3 g/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Normal values for albumin?

A

3.5-5.0 g/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Normal values for globulin?

A

2.3-3.4 g/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Chronic infection, dehydration, multiple myeloma, hemolysis, and collagen-autoimmune diseases would produce ____ levels of total protein

A

Increased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

There is a __% reduction in serum albumin levels in late pregnancy due to hemodilution

A

10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Why might albumin levels be increased?

A

Dehydration

24
Q

____ is still the most commonly used screening test for serum protein abnormalities, except for the measurement of albumin only.

A

Electrophoresis (ELP)

25
Q

ELP separates protein into five fractions on the basis of their electrical charge. They are:

A
  1. Albumin
  2. Alpha 1
  3. Alpha 2
  4. Beta
  5. Gamma
26
Q

Which is small and which is large? Albumin/globulin

A 
Small = albumin
Large = globulin
27
Q

Globulins are subclassified into what three main groups?

A
  1. Alpha
  2. Beta
  3. Gamma
28
Q

____ makes up almost 90% of alpha-1 globulin

A

Alpha antitrypsin

29
Q

HDL is considered a ____ globulin

A

Alpha-1

30
Q

Serum ____ bind hemoglobin during hemolysis

A

Haptoglobins

31
Q

Haptoglobins, ceruloplasmin (carrier for copper), erythropoietin, prothrombin, and cholinesterase (enzyme used in catabolism of acetylcholine) are considered ____ globulins

A

Alpha-2

32
Q

LDL is considered a ___ globulin

A

Beta

33
Q

____ globulins are the immune globulins (IgG, IgM, etc.)

A

Gamma

34
Q

Normally immunoglobulins are polyclonal, so when the pattern changes to a large monoclonal spike (i.e. IgM is significantly increased) infection, allergy, or neoplasm such as ___ is suspected.

A

Myeloma

35
Q

____, manufactured in the liver, is not seen on ELP because it uses plasma (not serum)

A

Fibrinogen

36
Q

Immunoglobulins can also be called ____

A

Antibodies

37
Q

____ comprises about 75% of the serum immunoglobulins

A

IgG

38
Q

____ is the simplest immunoglobulin consisting of 2H chains and 2L chains (meaning it is small)

A

IgG

39
Q

This immunoglobulin is the only one that crosses the placenta and once they are made you will not lose them. They are the “go get ‘em” ones that go after bacteria and viruses

A

IgG

40
Q

___ constitutes about 15% of the immunoglobulins and is present primarily in the secretions of the gastrointestinal tract, saliva, and tears

A

IgA

41
Q

Selective deficiency of ____ is the most common primary immunodeficiency associated w/frequent upper respiratory and GI infections.

A

IgA

42
Q

Long-term therapy with ____ is reported to decrease IgA levels.

A

Dilantin

43
Q

___ is an immunoglobulin primarily responsible for ABO blood groupings and rheumatoid factor

A

IgM

44
Q

IgM accounts for __% of immunoglobulins

A

7%

45
Q

These are the first immunoglobulins to be made and the “first line of defense”

A

IgM

46
Q

IgM is a pentamer consisting of __H chains and __L chains (large)

A

5, 5

47
Q

___ is measured to detect allergic diseases

A

IgE

48
Q

___ constitutes the smallest portion of the immunoglobulins and is rarely evaluated or detected.

A

IgD

49
Q

Decreased albumin, increased alpha-2 = found in acute infections, MI, and necrosis

A

Acute reaction pattern

50
Q

____ pattern shows decreased albumin, increased gamma, and increased/normal alpha 2. Found in chronic infections and rheumatoid arthritis

A

Chronic inflammatory

51
Q

___ syndrome shows marked decreased albumin, marked increased alpha 2, increased/normal beta.

A

Nephrotic

52
Q

Decreased albumin, increased gamma, and beta-gamma bridging

A

Far-advanced cirrhosis

53
Q

Cirrhosis, chronic infections, TB, SBE, and SLE would show a marked increase in ____ globulins altogether

A

Gamma

54
Q

Decreased gamma globulins is called _____

A

Hypogammaglobulinemia

55
Q

Multiple myeloma consists of a high, thin spike in a single gamma globulin. This is referred to as ____

A

Monoclonal gammopathy spike

Clinical Pathology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions