Hematology Flashcards
What bones produce blood cells from birth to age 20?
Tibia, femur
From age 20 on, what bones produce blood cells? (They may just start producing blood cells at age 20…along with other bones, obviously)
Vertebrae, sternum, ribs
Formation of blood cells WITHIN the bone marrow
Medullary hematopoiesis
Formation of bone cells OUTSIDE of the bone marrow
Extramedullary hematopoiesis
A precursor cell capable of differentiating into any cell
Stem cell
Multipotential stem cells become unipotential (or committed) cells due to the action of ______. It is a specific hormone originating from the kidney which responds to tissue hypoxia
Erythropoietin
There are 5 hemoglobin types…which type is 95-98% of the hemoglobin?
Hb A (alpha 2, beta 2)
Globin is a ____
Protein
Which part of hemoglobin gives it it’s red color?
Heme (heme is the prosthetic group)
The affinity of hemoglobin for _____ is 210 times greater than for oxygen…
Carbon monoxide
Approximately how many days does a RBC stay in the circulation?
120 days
2 types of hemolysis: extravascular and intravascular. Which type is about 90% of hemolysis? (Breakdown of hemoglobin)
Extravascular
The reference range for Hb in women is ____g/dl +/-2
14.0
The reference range for Hb in men is ___g/dl +/-2
16.0
The reference range for total RBC count in women is ___-___ million/ul
3.5-5.5
Reference range for total RBC count in men? (million/ul)
4.3-5.9 million/ul
____ is the ratio of spun RBCs to plasma
Hematocrit (Hct)
The reference range for Hct in women is __-__%, and __-__% in men.
37-47%, 40-54%
Anemia exists when the Hb level is less than __g/dl in males, and ___g/dl in females
13, 11
Reference range for mean corpuscular volume (MCV)? (/fl)
80-100 fl
The etiology of _____ includes Folate/B12 deficiency, Chronic liver disease, chronic alcoholism, myxedema, and reticulocytosis (FLAMR)
Macrocytosis (big RBCs)
The etiology of ____ includes chronic iron deficiency, alpha or beta thalassemia, anemia of chronic disease, and sideroblastic anemia.
Microcytosis
RDW stands for what in hematology?
RBC Distribution Width
T/F, RDW is never decreased
True
Reference range for RDW? (%)
11-15%
Reference range for WBC count? ___-___/ul
4,500-11,000
Leukopenia is consistent with ___ infections
Viral
Leukocytosis is consistent with ____ infections
Bacterial
Reference range for platelet count? ___-___/cu mm
150,000-400,000/cu mm
If the platelet count is VERY high, think _____ first
Malignancy
Term when RBCs are of unequal size
Anisocytosis
Term when there are abnormally shaped RBCs on a blood film
Poikilocytosis
If you see a _______ on a blood film it could be indicative of multiple myeloma
Rouleaux
Greater than __ lobes in neutrophils is considered hypersegmentation and is seen in pernicious anemia
5
Normal range for neutrophil %?
50-70%
Normal range for lymphocyte %?
20-40%
Neutrophil count tends to be high in ____ infections, while lymphocyte count tends to be high in ____ infections
Bacterial, viral
Normal range for monocyte %?
2-10%
Normal range for Eosinophil %?
1-5%
Normal range for basophil %?
0-1%
Eosinophilia is common in acute ____ attacks
Allergic
Is the Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate considered a specific test?
No, very non-specific
___ is the distance in millimeters that erythrocytes fall during one hour in a sample of venous blood (Westergren principle)
ESR
ESR reference range for post-adolescent man (<40yo)? (Mm/hour)
1-15mm/hr
ESR reference range for post-adolescent woman (<40yo)? (mm/hr)
1-20mm/hr
The formula for maximum normal ESR at a given age is: males = ___/2, females = ___/2
Age, age +10
In the majority of bacterial infections, ESR is ______ (accelerated/not accelerated)
Accelerated
