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Clinical Pathology > Hematology > Flashcards

Hematology Flashcards

1
Q

What bones produce blood cells from birth to age 20?

A

Tibia, femur

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2
Q

From age 20 on, what bones produce blood cells? (They may just start producing blood cells at age 20…along with other bones, obviously)

A

Vertebrae, sternum, ribs

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3
Q

Formation of blood cells WITHIN the bone marrow

A

Medullary hematopoiesis

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4
Q

Formation of bone cells OUTSIDE of the bone marrow

A

Extramedullary hematopoiesis

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5
Q

A precursor cell capable of differentiating into any cell

A

Stem cell

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6
Q

Multipotential stem cells become unipotential (or committed) cells due to the action of ______. It is a specific hormone originating from the kidney which responds to tissue hypoxia

A

Erythropoietin

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7
Q

There are 5 hemoglobin types…which type is 95-98% of the hemoglobin?

A

Hb A (alpha 2, beta 2)

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8
Q

Globin is a ____

A

Protein

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9
Q

Which part of hemoglobin gives it it’s red color?

A

Heme (heme is the prosthetic group)

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10
Q

The affinity of hemoglobin for _____ is 210 times greater than for oxygen…

A

Carbon monoxide

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11
Q

Approximately how many days does a RBC stay in the circulation?

A

120 days

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12
Q

2 types of hemolysis: extravascular and intravascular. Which type is about 90% of hemolysis? (Breakdown of hemoglobin)

A

Extravascular

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13
Q

The reference range for Hb in women is ____g/dl +/-2

A

14.0

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14
Q

The reference range for Hb in men is ___g/dl +/-2

A

16.0

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15
Q

The reference range for total RBC count in women is ___-___ million/ul

A

3.5-5.5

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16
Q

Reference range for total RBC count in men? (million/ul)

A

4.3-5.9 million/ul

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17
Q

____ is the ratio of spun RBCs to plasma

A

Hematocrit (Hct)

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18
Q

The reference range for Hct in women is __-__%, and __-__% in men.

A

37-47%, 40-54%

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19
Q

Anemia exists when the Hb level is less than __g/dl in males, and ___g/dl in females

A

13, 11

20
Q

Reference range for mean corpuscular volume (MCV)? (/fl)

A

80-100 fl

21
Q

The etiology of _____ includes Folate/B12 deficiency, Chronic liver disease, chronic alcoholism, myxedema, and reticulocytosis (FLAMR)

A

Macrocytosis (big RBCs)

22
Q

The etiology of ____ includes chronic iron deficiency, alpha or beta thalassemia, anemia of chronic disease, and sideroblastic anemia.

A

Microcytosis

23
Q

RDW stands for what in hematology?

A

RBC Distribution Width

24
Q

T/F, RDW is never decreased

A

True

25
Q

Reference range for RDW? (%)

A

11-15%

26
Q

Reference range for WBC count? ___-___/ul

A

4,500-11,000

27
Q

Leukopenia is consistent with ___ infections

A

Viral

28
Q

Leukocytosis is consistent with ____ infections

A

Bacterial

29
Q

Reference range for platelet count? ___-___/cu mm

A

150,000-400,000/cu mm

30
Q

If the platelet count is VERY high, think _____ first

A

Malignancy

31
Q

Term when RBCs are of unequal size

A

Anisocytosis

32
Q

Term when there are abnormally shaped RBCs on a blood film

A

Poikilocytosis

33
Q

If you see a _______ on a blood film it could be indicative of multiple myeloma

A

Rouleaux

34
Q

Greater than __ lobes in neutrophils is considered hypersegmentation and is seen in pernicious anemia

A

5

35
Q

Normal range for neutrophil %?

A

50-70%

36
Q

Normal range for lymphocyte %?

A

20-40%

37
Q

Neutrophil count tends to be high in ____ infections, while lymphocyte count tends to be high in ____ infections

A

Bacterial, viral

38
Q

Normal range for monocyte %?

A

2-10%

39
Q

Normal range for Eosinophil %?

A

1-5%

40
Q

Normal range for basophil %?

A

0-1%

41
Q

Eosinophilia is common in acute ____ attacks

A

Allergic

42
Q

Is the Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate considered a specific test?

A

No, very non-specific

43
Q

___ is the distance in millimeters that erythrocytes fall during one hour in a sample of venous blood (Westergren principle)

A

ESR

44
Q

ESR reference range for post-adolescent man (<40yo)? (Mm/hour)

A

1-15mm/hr

45
Q

ESR reference range for post-adolescent woman (<40yo)? (mm/hr)

A

1-20mm/hr

46
Q

The formula for maximum normal ESR at a given age is: males = ___/2, females = ___/2

A

Age, age +10

47
Q

In the majority of bacterial infections, ESR is ______ (accelerated/not accelerated)

A

Accelerated

Clinical Pathology (12 decks)

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