Leukemias

Question 1

Leukemias

Answer 1

Neoplasms arising from hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow

Question 2

Causes/incidence of leukemias

Answer 2

Often no direct calls can be found

More frequent in males

Question 3

Acute myelogenous leukemia

AML

Answer 3

80% of acute leukemia in adults
Remission rates from 50 to 85%
Long-term survival is 40%

Question 4

Acute lymphocytic leukemia

ALL

Answer 4

 * pancytopenia with circulation blasts

More difficult to cure in adults and children 90% remission rate in children

Question 5

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

CLL

Answer 5

• Lymphocytosis
  Most common leukemia in adults
  Occurs in both middle and old age
  Median survival is 10 years

Question 6

Chronic myelogenous leukemia

CML

Answer 6

• Philadelphia chromosome seen in leukemic cells
  Occurs most often in person aged 40 and older
  Survival: approximately 65% of those diagnosed are still live in five years

Question 7

Signs and symptoms of leukemia

Answer 7

• generalized lymphadenopathy
• Weight loss
  May be asymptomatic
  Fatigue
  Weakness
  Anorexia

Question 8

Lab and diagnostics of leukemia

Answer 8

Low RBC and neutrophils
High ESR
Peripheral blood smear usually distinguishes acute and chronic leukemia
* bone marrow aspiration is required to confirm the diagnosis

Question 9

Management of leukemia

Answer 9

Chemotherapy
Allopurinol to reduce tumor lysis syndrome
Bone marrow transplantation
Control of symptoms

Question 10

Tumor lysis syndrome

Answer 10

Hyperuricemia
Hyperkalemia
Hypophosphatemia
Hypocalcemia