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Biology > Lesson 9 > Flashcards

Lesson 9 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature
of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius.

A

calorie

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2
Q

Cells burn food (break bonds) and release energy as

A

heat

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3
Q

Prefer to break down bonds _______ and use the stored energy to produce other compounds like

A

gradually, ATP

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4
Q

Cellular Respiration occurs in all

A

eukaryotic cells

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5
Q

Cell Respiration Formula

A

Glucose + Oxygen = Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy

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6
Q

Stages of Cellular Respiration (in order)

A

Glycolysis
The Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain

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7
Q

Aerobic

A

Pathways that require oxygen. (in air)

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8
Q

What Stages of Cellular Respiration are Aerobic

A

The Krebs Cycle
The Electron Transport Chain

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9
Q

Anaerobic

A

Pathways that do not require oxygen.
(without air)

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10
Q

What processes are Anaerobic

A

Glycolysis
Fermentation

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11
Q

Glycolysis takes place in the

A

cytoplasm of the cell

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12
Q

Krebs and ETC takes place inside the

A

mitochondria

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13
Q

What Happens to Energy in Photosynthesis

A

It Deposites energy in the bonds of glucose

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14
Q

What happens to Energy in Cellular Respiration

A

It withdraws energy by breaking the bonds

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15
Q

What happens to Carbon Dioxide in Photosynthesis

A

removes it from the atmosphere

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16
Q

What happens to Carbon Dioxide in Cellular Respiration

A

puts it back into the atmosphere

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17
Q

What happens to Oxygen in Photosynthesis

A

releases it into the atmosphere

18
Q

What happens to Oxyegn in Cellular Respiration

A

Takes it in from the atmosphere to release energy from food

19
Q

Glycolysis

A

Glucose is transformed into pyruvic acid

20
Q

In Glycolysis what is the ATP production

A

It has an investment of 2, produces 4, and a net gain of 2 ATP per molecule of glucose.

21
Q

In Glycolysis what happens in NADH production

A

Four high-energy electrons are passed to the electron carriers NAD+. This creates NADH. NADH carries the electrons to the Electron Transport Chain

22
Q

how is Pyruvic acid formed?

A

1 molecule of glucose C6H12O6 bonds are broken. The bonds are rearranged and 2 molecules of pyruvic acid (a three-carbon compound) are formed.

23
Q

What are the Products of Glycolysis

A

2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 pyruvic acid.

24
Q

the Krebs Cycle

A

Pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting steps. Oxygen has to be present.

25
Q

How are the products of the Krebs Cycle used?

A

CO2 is exhaled and The electrons in NADH, when in the presence of oxygen, generate huge amounts of ATP.

26
Q

What happens in Electron Transport

A

The electrons are passed down the chain transporting H+ ions across the membrane and creates a negative (chemiosmosis) region.

27
Q

Every time the electrons move, H+ ions move so

A

thus ATP is created by ATP synthase.

28
Q

As each pair of electrons from NADH moves down the length of the ETC _ molecules of ATP are produced and 2 for FADH2

A

3

29
Q

Total ATP created per 1 glucose molecule in cellular respiration

A

2 from glycolysis
2 from Krebs Cycle
34 from Electron Transport Chain

30
Q

what percent of Total energy in glucose is ATP

A

38%

31
Q

Fermentation is what

A

Anaerobic Respiration

32
Q

What are the forms of Fermentation?

A

Alcoholic Fermentation
Lactic Acid Fermentation

33
Q

what is regenerated so glycolysis can continue

A

NAD+

34
Q

Alcoholic Fermentation produces what

A

Produces ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide.

35
Q

What does Alcoholic Fermentation do

A

Causes bread to rise and creates alcohol for beverages

36
Q

What is Lactic Fermentation used for

A

Used for food to create sour tastes. Ex. cheese, yogurt, sour cream.

37
Q

Humans are lactic acid fermenters, especially in the ______

A

muscles

38
Q

What produces quick energy

A

Lactic Acid Fermentation

39
Q

What produces Long Term Energy

A

Cellular respiration

40
Q

IN Lactic Fermentation Energy stored in the ATP of cells is only supplied for a ______of energy

A

short burst

41
Q

Lactic Acid Fermentation takes over and has energy for about

A

90 seconds

42
Q

IN Cellular Respiration The body uses _______ in the muscle tissue first

A

stored chemical reserves

Biology (12 decks)

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