Lesson 9 Flashcards
The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature
of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius.
calorie
Cells burn food (break bonds) and release energy as
heat
Prefer to break down bonds _______ and use the stored energy to produce other compounds like
gradually, ATP
Cellular Respiration occurs in all
eukaryotic cells
Cell Respiration Formula
Glucose + Oxygen = Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy
Stages of Cellular Respiration (in order)
Glycolysis
The Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain
Aerobic
Pathways that require oxygen. (in air)
What Stages of Cellular Respiration are Aerobic
The Krebs Cycle
The Electron Transport Chain
Anaerobic
Pathways that do not require oxygen.
(without air)
What processes are Anaerobic
Glycolysis
Fermentation
Glycolysis takes place in the
cytoplasm of the cell
Krebs and ETC takes place inside the
mitochondria
What Happens to Energy in Photosynthesis
It Deposites energy in the bonds of glucose
What happens to Energy in Cellular Respiration
It withdraws energy by breaking the bonds
What happens to Carbon Dioxide in Photosynthesis
removes it from the atmosphere
What happens to Carbon Dioxide in Cellular Respiration
puts it back into the atmosphere
What happens to Oxygen in Photosynthesis
releases it into the atmosphere
What happens to Oxyegn in Cellular Respiration
Takes it in from the atmosphere to release energy from food
Glycolysis
Glucose is transformed into pyruvic acid
In Glycolysis what is the ATP production
It has an investment of 2, produces 4, and a net gain of 2 ATP per molecule of glucose.
In Glycolysis what happens in NADH production
Four high-energy electrons are passed to the electron carriers NAD+. This creates NADH. NADH carries the electrons to the Electron Transport Chain
how is Pyruvic acid formed?
1 molecule of glucose C6H12O6 bonds are broken. The bonds are rearranged and 2 molecules of pyruvic acid (a three-carbon compound) are formed.
What are the Products of Glycolysis
2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 pyruvic acid.
the Krebs Cycle
Pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting steps. Oxygen has to be present.
How are the products of the Krebs Cycle used?
CO2 is exhaled and The electrons in NADH, when in the presence of oxygen, generate huge amounts of ATP.
What happens in Electron Transport
The electrons are passed down the chain transporting H+ ions across the membrane and creates a negative (chemiosmosis) region.
Every time the electrons move, H+ ions move so
thus ATP is created by ATP synthase.
As each pair of electrons from NADH moves down the length of the ETC _ molecules of ATP are produced and 2 for FADH2
3
Total ATP created per 1 glucose molecule in cellular respiration
2 from glycolysis
2 from Krebs Cycle
34 from Electron Transport Chain
what percent of Total energy in glucose is ATP
38%
Fermentation is what
Anaerobic Respiration
What are the forms of Fermentation?
Alcoholic Fermentation
Lactic Acid Fermentation
what is regenerated so glycolysis can continue
NAD+
Alcoholic Fermentation produces what
Produces ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide.
What does Alcoholic Fermentation do
Causes bread to rise and creates alcohol for beverages
What is Lactic Fermentation used for
Used for food to create sour tastes. Ex. cheese, yogurt, sour cream.
Humans are lactic acid fermenters, especially in the ______
muscles
What produces quick energy
Lactic Acid Fermentation
What produces Long Term Energy
Cellular respiration
IN Lactic Fermentation Energy stored in the ATP of cells is only supplied for a ______of energy
short burst
Lactic Acid Fermentation takes over and has energy for about
90 seconds
IN Cellular Respiration The body uses _______ in the muscle tissue first
stored chemical reserves
