Lesson 8.1-3

Question 1

ATP consists of

Answer 1

An adenine
A 5 carbon sugar called ribose
3 phosphate groups

Question 2

Energy is released when

Answer 2

the bond between the second and third phosphate groups is broken thus creating ADP.

Question 3

what does Bioenergy do

Answer 3

It powers movements through providing power to muscles and other structures.

Question 4

ATP is a great way of transferring

Answer 4

energy but not storing large amounts of energy over long periods of time.

Question 5

Heterotrophs

Answer 5

Organisms that obtain food by consuming other living things.

Question 6

Autotrophs

Answer 6

Organisms that are capable of making their own food.

Question 7

Nearly all energy in all food molecules comes from

Answer 7

the sun is made by plants, bacteria, and algae.

Question 8

Photosynthesis

Answer 8

Autotrophs use the energy of sunlight to produce high-energy carbohydrates—sugars and starches— that can be used as food.

Question 9

Photosynthetic Pigments

Answer 9

Light absorbing molecules.

Question 10

Chlorophyll pigments

Answer 10

are in the thylakoid membranes

Question 11

Thylakoids

Answer 11

Saclike photosynthetic membranes.

Question 12

Granum

Answer 12

Interconnected and stacked thylakoids

Question 13

Stroma

Answer 13

The fluid portion of the chloroplast around the thylakoids.

Question 14

Chlorophyll absorbs

Answer 14

light energy causing the electrons to become energized.

Question 15

Electron Carrier (NADP+)

Answer 15

A compound that can accept a pair of high-energy electrons and transfer them, along with most of their energy, to another molecule.

Question 16

NADP+ accepts and holds

Answer 16

2 high-energy electrons along with a hydrogen ion (H+) This makes NADP+ into NADPH

Question 17

NADPH traps

Answer 17

some of the energy of sunlight into chemical form.

Question 18

What does Photosynthesis use

Answer 18

Uses the energy of sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide (reactants) into high-energy 6-carbon sugars and oxygen (products).

Question 19

Light Dependant Reaction

Answer 19

Involves the most direct involvement of light and light absorbing pigments.

Question 20

Light Independent Reaction

Answer 20

ATP and NADPH produced in the LDR are used to produce high energy sugars from carbon dioxide.
NO light is needed.
Takes place in the stroma outside the thylakoids.

Question 21

Light Dependent Reaction

Answer 21

Uses energy from sunlight to produce oxygen and convert ADP and NADP+ into the energy carriers ATP and NADPH.

Question 22

Photosystem II

Answer 22

Clusters of chlorophyll and proteins in the thylakoid membranes.

Question 23

What happens in Photosystem II

Answer 23

They absorb sunlight.
Then generate high energy electrons.
These electrons are passed to electron transport chains.
Water molecules are split to replace electrons as they are added to the electron transport chains by releasing H+ ions from water into the stroma thus leaving oxygen.

Question 24

Chemiosmosis

Answer 24

Movement of the H+ ion across the membrane causes the ATP synthase to spin and bind a phosphate group to ADP to create ATP.

Question 25

Light Independent Reaction

Answer 25

ATP and NADPH from LD is used to create high energy sugars in the stroma of the chloroplast. KNOWN AS THE CALVIN CYCLE

Question 26

What does Light-dependent Reactions do

Answer 26

uses energy from the sun to make ATP.
Takes place in the thylakoids membranes.
Water is required as a source of electrons and hydrogen ions.
Oxygen is released as a by-product.

Question 27

What are the products and reactants of Light-dependent reactions?

Answer 27

Products: ATP, NADPH, O2 Reactants: H20, NADP+, ADP+Pi

Question 28

What are the products and reactants of Light-independent reactions?

Answer 28

Products: NADP+, ADP+Pi, glucose Reactants: NADPH, ATP, CO2