Lesson 8.1-3 Flashcards
ATP consists of
An adenine
A 5 carbon sugar called ribose
3 phosphate groups
Energy is released when
the bond between the second and third phosphate groups is broken thus creating ADP.
what does Bioenergy do
It powers movements through providing power to muscles and other structures.
ATP is a great way of transferring
energy but not storing large amounts of energy over long periods of time.
Heterotrophs
Organisms that obtain food by consuming other living things.
Autotrophs
Organisms that are capable of making their own food.
Nearly all energy in all food molecules comes from
the sun is made by plants, bacteria, and algae.
Photosynthesis
Autotrophs use the energy of sunlight to produce high-energy carbohydrates—sugars and starches— that can be used as food.
Photosynthetic Pigments
Light absorbing molecules.
Chlorophyll pigments
are in the thylakoid membranes
Thylakoids
Saclike photosynthetic membranes.
Granum
Interconnected and stacked thylakoids
Stroma
The fluid portion of the chloroplast around the thylakoids.
Chlorophyll absorbs
light energy causing the electrons to become energized.
Electron Carrier (NADP+)
A compound that can accept a pair of high-energy electrons and transfer them, along with most of their energy, to another molecule.
NADP+ accepts and holds
2 high-energy electrons along with a hydrogen ion (H+) This makes NADP+ into NADPH
NADPH traps
some of the energy of sunlight into chemical form.
What does Photosynthesis use
Uses the energy of sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide (reactants) into high-energy 6-carbon sugars and oxygen (products).
Light Dependant Reaction
Involves the most direct involvement of light and light absorbing pigments.
Light Independent Reaction
ATP and NADPH produced in the LDR are used to produce high energy sugars from carbon dioxide.
NO light is needed.
Takes place in the stroma outside the thylakoids.
Light Dependent Reaction
Uses energy from sunlight to produce oxygen and convert ADP and NADP+ into the energy carriers ATP and NADPH.
Photosystem II
Clusters of chlorophyll and proteins in the thylakoid membranes.
What happens in Photosystem II
They absorb sunlight.
Then generate high energy electrons.
These electrons are passed to electron transport chains.
Water molecules are split to replace electrons as they are added to the electron transport chains by releasing H+ ions from water into the stroma thus leaving oxygen.
Chemiosmosis
Movement of the H+ ion across the membrane causes the ATP synthase to spin and bind a phosphate group to ADP to create ATP.
Light Independent Reaction
ATP and NADPH from LD is used to create high energy sugars in the stroma of the chloroplast. KNOWN AS THE CALVIN CYCLE
What does Light-dependent Reactions do
uses energy from the sun to make ATP.
Takes place in the thylakoids membranes.
Water is required as a source of electrons and hydrogen ions.
Oxygen is released as a by-product.
What are the products and reactants of Light-dependent reactions?
Products: ATP, NADPH, O2 Reactants: H20, NADP+, ADP+Pi
What are the products and reactants of Light-independent reactions?
Products: NADP+, ADP+Pi, glucose Reactants: NADPH, ATP, CO2
