Lesson 8 (HIV/AIDS) Flashcards
What percentage of people in sub-Saharan Africa are infected by HIV/AIDS?
> 70%
Is the number of people living with HIV/AIDs increasing or decreasing?
Number of people living with HIV is rising because treatment prolongs life.
Do middle income countries have access to treatment?
Minimal visibility of treatment in Low and Middle Income countries
What are the trends regarding the HIV/AID’s epidemic?
AIDS related deaths are decreasing and people are living longer with HIV due to improved treatment and access to treatment/care.
Globally: Nearly 50% of people with HIV do not know they have it. Most people living with or at risk for HIV do NOT have access to HIV prevention, treatment and care.
Not all regions and populations are affected in the same way, Sub-Saharan Africa has an estimated 1.2 million new infections per year (high). Young people account for a significant and rapidly growing percentage of the population and are reaching the age of highest risk for sexual transmission.
How can the burden of HIV/AID’s be reduced?
Tailor the response and interventions to local environments/circumstances and prevalent risk factors.
How many and what are the modes of transmission for HIV/AID’s?
4
Transmission via unprotected sex with an HIV+ person
Sharing un-sterilised injections and needles
Mother-to-child transmission
Blood-borne
Who are the high-risk groups for transmission of HIV/AIDS via unprotected sex with an HIV+ person?
- Male to male sex (homosexual men).
- Women and men (heterosexual relationships).
- Sex workers
Who are the high-risk groups for the transmission of HIV/AIDS via sharing un-sterilised injections and needles?
- Injecting drug users
* Those receiving injections with un-sterilised needles (generally found in low-resource settings).
Who are the high-risk groups for the transmission of HIV/AIDS via mother-child?
•Infants born to / breast fed by untreated HIV+ mothers.
Who are the high-risk groups for the transmission of HIV/AIDS via blood-borne avenues?
•Anyone receiving un-screened blood products, organs (usually found in countries with inadequate screening)
As of 2016 data, what is the dominant mode of transmission at a global level?
Heterosexual Transmission
What was seen from the 2016 data regarding the NEW infections of HIV/AIDS?
~95% in low & middle income countries.
From new infections in people 15 y.o & older:
~39% aged 15-24.
Majority female
Most live in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Infections among 15-24 y.o women (young) were 44% HIGHER than men their age.
Define Feminisation:
“The observation that increasing proportions of new infections are among women, primarily due to heterosexual transmission of the infection.”
What factor is associated with 3x increase of being infected with HIV/AIDS in terms of feminisation?
Violence
What is meant by feminisation?
Not the definition
Proportion of women with HIV+ is steadily increasing
Is the leading cause of death for women of reproductive age
Women more likely to:
Face barriers in accessing HIV treatment, prevention & care.
Face barriers to education.
Experience poverty.
What can be deduced from feminisation in terms of the determinants for increasing rates of HIV/AIDS?
HIV is both driven by gender inequality and entrenches gender inequality i.e. leaves women more vulnerable to its impact.
What are the social determinants that prevent someone from accessing treatment for HIV/AIDS?
- Gender inequalities
- Poverty and low social status
- Social norms, stigma and discrimination
- Problems with disclosure of HIV status
How do gender inequalities impact someone from accessing treatment?
Rules governing sexual relationships, negotiating condom use; sexual abuse / violence.
How does poverty and low social status impact someone from accessing treatment?
Limited access to education and reproductive health services.
How do social norms, stigma and discrimination impact someone from accessing treatment?
Prevent access to prevention efforts and treatment.
How do problems with disclosure of HIV status impact someone from accessing treatment?
Partner notification and confidentiality (These can prevent getting necessary prevention options, testing for HIV and treatment)
Define economic security:
Economic security = the right to not live in abject poverty in a world of immense riches.
What rights do women have in association to HIV/AIDs?
Women’s rights to safe sexuality and to autonomy in all decisions relating to sexuality is intimately related to economic independence
Not about prostitution but basic social and economic arrangement between the sexes which results from poverty affecting men and women & male control over women’s lives in a context of poverty.
Unless and until the scope of human rights is fully extended to economic security, women’s right to safe sexuality is not going to be achieve
What are the 3 main ways HIV/AIDs can be prevented and controlled?
Safer sex, safer products, increase access to health care
