Lesson 8 arthrology Flashcards
science of figment systems, also a scientific study of joints and articulations
Arthrology or syndesmology
Form when two or more bones are united by fibrous, elastics or cartilaginous
Articulations or joints
Connective tissue bands that connects muscle to bone
Tendon
Connective tissue that extends from bone to bone
Ligament
Two types of ligament
Intracapsular ligament (intra-articular)
Extracapsular ligament (periaticular)
It is found within joints and surrounded by the synovial membrane
(Cruciate ligaments of stifle)
Intrcapsular ligament
One example of intracapsular ligament
Menisci (fibrocartilage disk)
External to the joint capsule also include collateral, dorsal Palmer, plantar, and annular ligaments
Extracapsular (periarticular) ligaments
Types of extracapsular (periarticular) ligaments
Collateral ligaments
Dorsal and Palmar or plantar ligaments
Annular ligaments
It lies on the medial and lateral aspects of a joint
Collateral ligament
It lies in front of and behind the joint
Dorsal and Balmar or plantar ligaments
Surrounds the joints. Generally circle the joint to strengthen and protect the capsule.
Annular ligaments
Two types of joints
Simple joints (articulation w/ two articulating bones)
Compound joints (articulation with more than two articulating bones)
Three classification on the basis functions of joints
Fibrous joint
Cartilaginous joint
Synovial joint
Give the types of fibrous joint (synarthrosis)
- syndesmosis
- suture
- gomphosis
It is considerable amount of intervening connective tissue also white fibrous or elastic tissue
Give one example
Syndesmosis
Temporohyoid joint
Joints of flat bones of the skull
Suture
Give the types of suture
Serrated suture
Squamous suture
Plane suture
Foliate suture
Schindylesis
If articulates by means reciprocally alternating processes and depression
Serrated suture
Reciprocally beveled edges. Slight degree of compressibility
Give the types of this suture
Squamous suture
- Frontonasal
- Frontomaxillary
- parieto-temporal suture
This which the bones meet at an essentially right angled edge or surface
Give the types of this suture
Plane suture
- Internasal suture
- interincisive suture
This in which the edge of one bone fits into a fissure of an adjacent bone
Give the types of this suture
Foliate suture
-zygomaticomaxillary suture
Uneven jagged edges of bones interlock
Schindylesis
Implantation of the teeth in the aveoli
Gomphosis
It is united by cartilage with no intervening joint cavity also Permits, limited movements, such as compression and stretching
Cartilaginous joint (amphiarthosis)
Other term for cartilaginous joint
Amphiarthosis
It is usual temporary and hyaline cartilage unites bones
Synchondrosis, hyaline cartilage / primary joints
It is a fibrocartilage that unites bone
Symphyses, fibrocartilaginous joints
The medium is a joint capsule, also most movable joint in the body and commonly involved dislocation
Synovial joint (true joint/diarthrosis)
Characteristics of signal joint
Joint capsule
Joint cavity
Articular cartilage
Other term for synovial joint
True joint / diarthrosis
Inner vascular connective tissue. Produce synovial fluid
Synovial membrane
Outer mainly of yellow elastic tissues, collateral ligaments
Fibrous membrane
Usually hyaline, covers articular surfaces, no blood vessels and nerves
Articular cartilage
Types of synovial joints
- Plane joints
- Hinge joints
- Trochoid / pivot joints
- Condylar joint
- Saddle joint
- Ball and socket.
- Ellipsoidal joint
Articular surfaces are plane and allow only gliding movements
ex. Costotransverse joint
Plane joints
Cylindrical surface of one joint fits in the through shape. Allow movement around one axis
Ex. Elbow joint.
Hinge joints
Rounded end of one bone forms into a ring. Movement (rotation) occurs in one axis
- median atlanto axial joint
- proximal radioulnar joint
Trochoid/ pivot joint
Egg shaped surface. Allow movement in 2 axis.
Ex.
Temporomandibular joint
Stifle joint
Condylar joint
Opposing joint surfaces are concavo convex
Ex.
Tarsocrucal joint
Saddle joint
Spherical head of one bone fits into the socket of the other. Multiaxial joint
Ex.
Shoulder joint and hip joint
Ball and socket
Elongation of one surface at a right angle. Forming an ellipse.
Ex. Antebraciocarpal joint
Ellipsoidal joint
GIVE THE OTHER TERM
Yes joint?
No joint?
Atlanto occipital joint
Anlantoaxial joint
GIVE THE OTHER TERM
Shoulder joint ?
Elbow joint ?
Scapulohumeral / glenohumeral
Cubital joint / humeroradioulnar joint
GIVE THE OTHER TERM
Carpal joint?
Metacarpophalangeal joint?
Radiocarpal joint
Fetlock joint
GIVE THE OTHER TERM
Proximal interphalangeal joint?
Distal interphalangeal joint?
Pastern joint
Coffin joint
GIVE THE OTHER TERM
Hip joint ?
Stifle joint ?
Tarsal joint ?
Coxofemoral joint
Knee joint , genual joint
Hock joint
Angle less than 180°
Flexion
Angle increased to 180°
Extension
An extremity follows in the curve lane of the surface of a cone
Circumduction
Movement of a plane around its longitudinal axis
Rotation
Moving an extremity towards the median plane
Adduction
Moving an extremity away from the median plane
Abduction
Rotation of the appendages so the plantar and palmar of the paw faces medially of dorsally
Supination
Second, most common hock problem. Trauma may cause a dissecting cartilage flap
Osteochondrosis dessicans
Remove all of the distal, phalanges through the distal interphalangeal joint in the cats
Dewclawing / onychectomy
AKA ligament of the few more short intracapsular ligament
Ligament of the head of femur
Pathological movement of the tibia cranial to the femur due to rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament
Cranial (anterior) drawer sign
Inflammation of stifle
Gonitis
