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01 GROSS ANAT LEC > LESSON 04 SKELETAL > Flashcards

LESSON 04 SKELETAL Flashcards

1
Q

Framework of hard structures which supports and protects the soft tissues of anomals

A

Skeletal system

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2
Q

Function of skeleton

A
  • support the body
  • layers of locomotion
  • protect soft parts
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3
Q

Function of skeleton

A
  • support the body
  • layers of locomotion
  • protect soft parts
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4
Q

Classification of bones according to shape

A
  • long bones (femur, humerus)
  • short bones (Carpals and tarsal)
  • flat bones ( scapula, skull, pelvis)
  • irregular bonez (vertebrae)
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5
Q

It is the type of bone that is longer than wide and has straight primary ossification centers

A

Long bones (1 diaphysis and 2 epiphyses)

Aberrant long bones

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6
Q

It is a type of bone that is cube shaped and has one center of ossification

A

Short bones (carpals and tarsal)

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7
Q

It is a type of bone that has two plates of compact bone and separated by cancellous bone

A

Flat (scapula, pelvis, skull)

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8
Q

It is a type of bone that has no uniformity in development

A

Irregular bones (vertebrae)

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9
Q

This are bones, which are developed in tendons to afford increased leverage

example Patella

A

Sesamoids

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10
Q

What are the two types of bone structure?

A
  • Compact bones or dense
  • Spongy or cancellous
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11
Q

It is a structure of bones which forms the outer shell of all skeletal parts

A

Compact or dense bone

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12
Q

It is a structure of bones that is small central canal has irregularities for muscle and ligament

A

Cortex

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13
Q

This is structure of bones that is in inner surface of shaft and also it is called the “Diploe” in skull bones

A

Medullary cavity

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14
Q

What are the two types of marrow?

A

Red Morrow
Yellow marrow

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15
Q

It is a type of Marrow that is highly vascularized gelatinous tissue and produce (hematopoiesis) in young animals

A

Red marrow

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16
Q

It is a type of marrow that contains fat, stem cells, for growth of bones and also can be seen in shafts of long bones

A

Yellow Marrow

17
Q

Structure of bone that refer to the end of a long bone

A

Epiphysis

18
Q

Structure of bone that is cylindrical shaft of a long bone between two epiphysis

A

Diaphysis

19
Q

The flared area adjacent to the epiphysis

A

Metaphysis

20
Q

Structure of bone that has thin layer of articular cartilage that covers the articular joint surface of a bone

A

Articular cartilage

21
Q

Structure of bone that has tough fibrous membrane and covers the outer surface of the bone

A

Periosteum

22
Q

Structure of bone that is fibrous membrane that lines the marrow cavity

A

Endosteum

23
Q

What are the vessel and nerves of bone

A
  • Nutrient artery and vein
  • periosteal arteries and veins
  • nerves and bone are principaly sensory
24
Q

It passes to nutrient Formen and Canal

A

Nutrients artery and veins

25
Q

Numerous but small also extremities of long bones and much of the compact bone

A

Periosteal Arteries and veins

26
Q

What are the articular projection of bones?

A
  • Head
  • condyle
  • trochlea
  • facet
27
Q

It is a spherical articular projection, enlarge often rounded end

A

Head

28
Q

It is part of articular projection that is approximately cylindrical articular mass smooth, rounded end of bone

A

Condyle

29
Q

It is part of part of articular projection that is pulley like articular mass

A

Trochlea

30
Q

It is part of articular projection that is relatively flat articular surface

A

Facet

31
Q

What are the non-articular projections?

A
  • process - general term for bony projections
  • tuberosity - relatively large non-particular projections sites of muscle attachment
  • Tubercle - smaller projection
  • Spine - Pointed projection or ridge
  • crest - sharp bridge. Also, this is where connective tissues attached.
  • Neck - cylinder part of bone which head is attached
32
Q

What are the articular depressions?

A
  • fovea - small deression
  • Glenoid cavity - shallow articular concavity
  • notch - indentation at the edge of the bone
33
Q

What are the non articular depression?

A
  • fossa - large non-articular depression
  • foramen - circumscribed hole
  • canal - tunnel through one or more bones
  • fissure - a narrow, cleft like opening between adjacent bone
34
Q

Ribs cannot be satisfactory included above groups the above groups.

A

Aberrant long bones

35
Q

Total average number of bones

A

Axial Skeleton
Vertebral column 50
Skull and hyoid 50
Ribs and sternum 34
Appendicular skeleton
Thoracic limbs 90
Pelvic limbs 96
Heterotrophic Skeleton
Os penis 1

01 GROSS ANAT LEC (14 decks)

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