LESSON 04 SKELETAL Flashcards
Framework of hard structures which supports and protects the soft tissues of anomals
Skeletal system
Function of skeleton
- support the body
- layers of locomotion
- protect soft parts
Function of skeleton
- support the body
- layers of locomotion
- protect soft parts
Classification of bones according to shape
- long bones (femur, humerus)
- short bones (Carpals and tarsal)
- flat bones ( scapula, skull, pelvis)
- irregular bonez (vertebrae)
It is the type of bone that is longer than wide and has straight primary ossification centers
Long bones (1 diaphysis and 2 epiphyses)
Aberrant long bones
It is a type of bone that is cube shaped and has one center of ossification
Short bones (carpals and tarsal)
It is a type of bone that has two plates of compact bone and separated by cancellous bone
Flat (scapula, pelvis, skull)
It is a type of bone that has no uniformity in development
Irregular bones (vertebrae)
This are bones, which are developed in tendons to afford increased leverage
example Patella
Sesamoids
What are the two types of bone structure?
- Compact bones or dense
- Spongy or cancellous
It is a structure of bones which forms the outer shell of all skeletal parts
Compact or dense bone
It is a structure of bones that is small central canal has irregularities for muscle and ligament
Cortex
This is structure of bones that is in inner surface of shaft and also it is called the “Diploe” in skull bones
Medullary cavity
What are the two types of marrow?
Red Morrow
Yellow marrow
It is a type of Marrow that is highly vascularized gelatinous tissue and produce (hematopoiesis) in young animals
Red marrow
It is a type of marrow that contains fat, stem cells, for growth of bones and also can be seen in shafts of long bones
Yellow Marrow
Structure of bone that refer to the end of a long bone
Epiphysis
Structure of bone that is cylindrical shaft of a long bone between two epiphysis
Diaphysis
The flared area adjacent to the epiphysis
Metaphysis
Structure of bone that has thin layer of articular cartilage that covers the articular joint surface of a bone
Articular cartilage
Structure of bone that has tough fibrous membrane and covers the outer surface of the bone
Periosteum
Structure of bone that is fibrous membrane that lines the marrow cavity
Endosteum
What are the vessel and nerves of bone
- Nutrient artery and vein
- periosteal arteries and veins
- nerves and bone are principaly sensory
It passes to nutrient Formen and Canal
Nutrients artery and veins
Numerous but small also extremities of long bones and much of the compact bone
Periosteal Arteries and veins
What are the articular projection of bones?
- Head
- condyle
- trochlea
- facet
It is a spherical articular projection, enlarge often rounded end
Head
It is part of articular projection that is approximately cylindrical articular mass smooth, rounded end of bone
Condyle
It is part of part of articular projection that is pulley like articular mass
Trochlea
It is part of articular projection that is relatively flat articular surface
Facet
What are the non-articular projections?
- process - general term for bony projections
- tuberosity - relatively large non-particular projections sites of muscle attachment
- Tubercle - smaller projection
- Spine - Pointed projection or ridge
- crest - sharp bridge. Also, this is where connective tissues attached.
- Neck - cylinder part of bone which head is attached
What are the articular depressions?
- fovea - small deression
- Glenoid cavity - shallow articular concavity
- notch - indentation at the edge of the bone
What are the non articular depression?
- fossa - large non-articular depression
- foramen - circumscribed hole
- canal - tunnel through one or more bones
- fissure - a narrow, cleft like opening between adjacent bone
Ribs cannot be satisfactory included above groups the above groups.
Aberrant long bones
Total average number of bones
Axial Skeleton
Vertebral column 50
Skull and hyoid 50
Ribs and sternum 34
Appendicular skeleton
Thoracic limbs 90
Pelvic limbs 96
Heterotrophic Skeleton
Os penis 1
