Lesson 6 VERTEBRAL Flashcards
It is composed of a number of unpaired bones in series along the midline
Vertebral column
What is the vertebral formula?
C7 T13 L7 S3 Cd20
Other term for caudal
Coccygeal
What are the three parts of typical vertebrae?
- Body or corpus
- Vertical arch (completes the vertebra foramen dorsally)
- Processes
It is a cylindrical mass, forming the ventral part of the vertebra and floor of the vertebra foramen
Body or corpus
What are the parts of invertebral disk?
Annulus fibrosus (outside)
Nucleus pulposus (inside)
What are the PARTS of the vertebral arch which completes the vertebral foramenn dorsally?
- Pedicle (sa gilid)
- Laminae (upper side)
This process forms joints between adjacent vertebrae region, also form joint with the ribs
Articular process
This type of process project laterally from the arch
Transverse process
This process projects dorsally from the arch of the vertebra
Spinous process
This process projects caudally from the pedicle ventral to the caudal articular process and over the dorsal aspect of foramen.
Accessory process
This process is a knoblike dorsal projection of the transverse processes also the tenth thoracic vertebrae and cranial articular process of the 11th thoracic throughe coudal vertebra
Mamillary process
Is C1/atlas is a atypical vertebrae or typical vertebrae
Atypical vertebrae
Two types of articular surfaces
Cranial articular surface
Caudal articular surfaces
Other term for cranial articular surfaces
Cotyloid cavities
Other term for caudal articular surfaces
Glenoid cavities
It articulates with dens
Fovea of the dens or fovea dentis
What are the two pairs of foramina?
- transverse foramina
- Lateral vertebral foramina
It’s a type of foramina passing obliquely through the wings
Transfers foramina
It’s type of foramina that perforate cranaiodorsal part. Also the passage of vertebral and first cervical spine nerve.
Lateral vertebral foramina
It is a depression, ventral to the wings also vertebral artery and nerve passes
Atlantal fossae
Other term for C2/axis
epistropheus or dentata
It is a typical elongated peg-like eminence, projecting from the body
C2 or axis ( epistropheus or dentata)
It is ventrolateral extensions of vertebral arch and face ventrally
Caudal articular surface
It is at the root of the transfers process
Transfers foramen
It concur with the caudal notches of the atlas
Cranial vertebral notches
It concur with the cranial notches of the C3
Caudal vertebral notches
What part of the cervical vertebra which the spinous process increase in size also transverse processes are pronged, present in transverse foramina
C3, c4, c5
This cervical vertebra has higher spinous process than C5 also expanded plate like transverse processes
C6
highest in cervical spine lack of transverse foramen also present in caudal costal of fovea
C7
It presents fovea on transverse process also with bemifacets on central, and the bodies is shorter than cervical and lumbar vertebrae
Thoracic vertebrae
What part of the thoracic vertebrate that articulate with the ribs?
Coastal fovea - head of the rib
Transverse fovea - tubercle of the rib
In thoracic vertebra, what bones are the cranial and costal fovea and which the spines directed caudally?
T1-10
What is anticlinal vertebra?
t11
It is transitional segment of the thoracolumbar region
Anticlinal vertebra
It is the demifacet in costal fovea of which spines directed cranially
T12 & T13
It project from the caudal borders of the pedicles also it is the T6 or T7 and onwards
Accessory processes or anapophyses
It is located at the junctions of the pedicles and laminae
Articular processes
It’s in cranial articular facet in thoracic
Facing forward and upward -
Cranial articular facet face each other -
T1 to T10
T11, T12, T13
In thoracic caudal articular facet this face downward and backwards
T1-T9
This type of cervical bones has longer bodies than thoracic. Also spinal cords usually end in L6/L7
Lumbar process
What is the longest bone in lumbar vertebrae?
L3 and L4
In lumbar it is present in L1 and L3 or L5
Accessory processes
it fuse to form the sacrum also four sided wedged shape consist of base in Apex
Sacral vertebrae
In sacral vertebrae its in median sacral crest also have spinous processes
Dorsal surface
Sacral vertebrae it transmit dorsal division of spinal nerve and vessels
Dorsal sacral foramina
In Sacral vertebrae it fuse mamiloarticular processes
Intermitted sacral crest
In sacral vertebrae it fused transverse, processes of S2 and S3
Lateral sacral crest
In sacral vertebrae it articulate with L7
Cranial articular process
In sacral vertebrae it articulates with cd1
caudal articular process
In sacral vertebrae it has trans first lines. Also, the pelvic foramina has two pairs.
Pelvic surface/lateral
How many pairs has the pelvic sacral foramina?
2 pairs
It has wing of sacrum, articular surface and promontory
Base
In sacral vertebrae it is caudal extremity of the sacrum
Apex
It is fully developed in the interior part of the region. Also, it contains coccygeat nerves.
Caudal vertebrae
In Caudal vertebrae it has well developed articular process
Cd1-Cd3/4
In Caudal vertebrae it has arch complete
Cd4
In Caudal vertebrae it has large transverse process
In Caudal vertebrae it presents spinous process
Cd1 to Cd5/Cd6
Cd1 to Cd6/Cd7
It form the lateral wall of the bony thorax
Ribs (cotae)
Sternal:
Asternal:
Floating:
1st to 9th rib
10 to 12th rib
13th rib
What number of ribs is in costal arch
10th, 11th, 12th
What is the longest rib?
9th rib
It articulates w/ the 1st sternebra
1st pair
How many sternebrae has the sternum?
8 sternebrae
Give the parts of sternum
- manubrium
- body
- xiphoid process
