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NCM 106 > Lesson 8 > Flashcards

Lesson 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Classifications of antimicrobial agents according to their overall effect on the microorganism

A

Bacteriostatic
Bactericidal

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2
Q

these antimicrobials slow or retard bacterial cell’s ability to reproduce or divide

A

Bacteriostatic

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3
Q

these are antibiotics that cause cellular death

A

Bactericidal

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4
Q

Classifications of antimicrobial agents according to their scope of effectiveness

A

narrow spectrum
broad spectrum

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5
Q

these antimicrobials are effective against a limited type of microorganisms; used in definitive therapy

A

narrow spectrum

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6
Q

these antimicrobials are effective against a wide variety of microorganisms from the same strain; usually indicated for empiric therapy

A

broad spectrum

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7
Q

Classifications of antimicrobial agents according to purpose

A

curative
prophylactic

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8
Q

these are antibiotics that are used to treat an existing infection

A

curative

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9
Q

these antibiotics are used to prevent possible infection from occurring

A

prophylactic

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10
Q

this action of antibiotics results in the cell’s loss of structural integrity, which eventually leads to cell death

A

interfere with the biosynthesis of the cell wall

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11
Q

this action results in the leakage of cellular components, which leads to cellular degeneration and death

A

alter the permeability of the cell membrane

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12
Q

when the process of RNA and DNA synthesis is altered, cells cannot grow and multiply, which results to diminished number of cells and eventual cellular death

A

inhibit synthesis and replication of RNA and DNA

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13
Q

when protein synthesis is altered, cell division may be altered; hence, the cell will not be able to grow and divide, which results to diminished number of cells

A

interfere with the steps in CHON synthesis

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14
Q

alteration in the various processes
that are crucial for normal cellular functioning can lead to cellular starvation

A

alter other metabolic processes within the cell

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15
Q

most common antibiotic group that causes drug allergy

A

penicillin

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16
Q

Manifestations of organ toxicity

A

GI toxicity
Nephrotoxicity
Hepatotoxicity
Superinfection
Neurotoxicity
Photosensitivity
Allergic reactions
Blood dyscrasia

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17
Q

Kidney damage may range from (nephrotoxicity)

A

acute renal damage to full blown renal failure

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18
Q

Nephrotoxicity is the most frequent effect of what drugs

A

aminoglycosides
amphotericin B
quinolones
vancomycin

19
Q

Nursing consideration for a client undergoing antibiotic therapy in order to prevent nephrotoxicity

A

proper hydration

20
Q

Signs and symptoms of nephrotoxicity

A
  • elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine
    -presence of edema
  • muscle cramps
  • weakness
  • fatigue
21
Q

Group of antibiotics that cause hepatotoxicity

A
  • cephalosporins
  • erythromycin
  • antitubercular drugs
22
Q

Liver toxicity could lead to?

A
  • chemical hepatitis
  • hepatic necrosis
  • liver cirrhosis
  • hepatic cancer
23
Q

Some antibiotics may exert toxicant damage to the cells of the CNS and the
PNS, causing?

A
  • neuropathies
  • axonopathies
  • demyelination
  • interference with neurotransmission
24
Q

these antibiotics have a high affinity to the eighth cranial nerve, causing dizziness, vertigo, and deafness

A

aminoglycosides

25
Q

this antibiotic can collect in the retina and optic nerve, resulting in visual disturbances and blindness

A

chloroquine

26
Q

True or False

Other antibiotics can cause dizziness, drowsiness, lethargy, changes in reflexes, and even hallucinations when they irritate specific nerve tissues.

A

true

27
Q

classes of antibiotics that cause thrombocytopenia

A

quinine
sulfonamide
vancomycin

28
Q

class of antibiotic that causes aplastic anemia

A

chloramphenicol

29
Q

classes of antibiotics that cause hemolytic anemia

A

cephalosprorins
fluoroquinolones
ciprofloxacin
rifampin

30
Q

this reaction occurs because of the destruction of the normal flora

A

secondary effect

31
Q

this occurs when the microorganism is able to adapt to the antibiotic and produces enzymes that resist the effects of the drug

A

resistance

32
Q

Examples of antibiotic that can cause photosensitivity

A

doxycycline, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin, and trimethoprim.

33
Q

To enhance therapy and minimize adverse effects, emphasize the importance of

A
  • Personal hygiene
  • Adequate rest
  • Nutritional management
  • ID bracelet/tag to patients with allergy
  • recommended vaccines for high-risk groups
34
Q

Explain in details the drug therapy of the patient and expectations of therapy

A
  • adherence to drug therapy and completion of full course
  • s/s that can be anticipated or must be reported
  • relief of complaints
35
Q

What populations are to be considered in antimicrobial drug therapy ?

A

pregnant
breastfeeding mothers
children
elderly

36
Q

Major classes of antimicrobials

A

Antibacterials
Antivirals
Antimycotics or antifungal
Antiprotozoal
Anthelminthic
Antiseptics
Disinfectants
Germicides

37
Q

These agents prevent or treat bacterial infections

A

antibacterial agents

38
Q

These drugs directly impact the viruses by influencing their replication and
development

A

antiviral drugs

39
Q

treat fungal infections by killing
the fungal cells or inhibiting their reproduction.

A

antimycotic or antifungal

40
Q

Subcategories of antibacterials

A

Aminoglycosides
Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Tetracyclines
Sulfonamides
Macrolides
Quinolones
Antimycobacterials
Carbapenems
Miscellaneous Antibiotics

41
Q

Subcategories of Antivirals

A

Fusion Inhibitors
Neuraminidase Inhibitors
NRTI
NNRTI
Protease Inhibitors
Purine Nucleosides
Gamma globulins

42
Q

Subcategories of Antimycotics

A

Systemic antifungals
Topical antifungals

43
Q

Antiprotozoal

A

Antimalarial agents
Other antiprotozoal agents

NCM 106 (14 decks)

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