Lesson 8

Question 1

Classifications of antimicrobial agents according to their overall effect on the microorganism

Answer 1

Bacteriostatic
Bactericidal

Question 2

these antimicrobials slow or retard bacterial cell’s ability to reproduce or divide

Answer 2

Bacteriostatic

Question 3

these are antibiotics that cause cellular death

Answer 3

Bactericidal

Question 4

Classifications of antimicrobial agents according to their scope of effectiveness

Answer 4

narrow spectrum
broad spectrum

Question 5

these antimicrobials are effective against a limited type of microorganisms; used in definitive therapy

Answer 5

narrow spectrum

Question 6

these antimicrobials are effective against a wide variety of microorganisms from the same strain; usually indicated for empiric therapy

Answer 6

broad spectrum

Question 7

Classifications of antimicrobial agents according to purpose

Answer 7

curative
prophylactic

Question 8

these are antibiotics that are used to treat an existing infection

Answer 8

curative

Question 9

these antibiotics are used to prevent possible infection from occurring

Answer 9

prophylactic

Question 10

this action of antibiotics results in the cell’s loss of structural integrity, which eventually leads to cell death

Answer 10

interfere with the biosynthesis of the cell wall

Question 11

this action results in the leakage of cellular components, which leads to cellular degeneration and death

Answer 11

alter the permeability of the cell membrane

Question 12

when the process of RNA and DNA synthesis is altered, cells cannot grow and multiply, which results to diminished number of cells and eventual cellular death

Answer 12

inhibit synthesis and replication of RNA and DNA

Question 13

when protein synthesis is altered, cell division may be altered; hence, the cell will not be able to grow and divide, which results to diminished number of cells

Answer 13

interfere with the steps in CHON synthesis

Question 14

alteration in the various processes
that are crucial for normal cellular functioning can lead to cellular starvation

Answer 14

alter other metabolic processes within the cell

Question 15

most common antibiotic group that causes drug allergy

Answer 15

penicillin

Question 16

Manifestations of organ toxicity

Answer 16

GI toxicity
Nephrotoxicity
Hepatotoxicity
Superinfection
Neurotoxicity
Photosensitivity
Allergic reactions
Blood dyscrasia

Question 17

Kidney damage may range from (nephrotoxicity)

Answer 17

acute renal damage to full blown renal failure

Question 18

Nephrotoxicity is the most frequent effect of what drugs

Answer 18

aminoglycosides
amphotericin B
quinolones
vancomycin

Question 19

Nursing consideration for a client undergoing antibiotic therapy in order to prevent nephrotoxicity

Answer 19

proper hydration

Question 20

Signs and symptoms of nephrotoxicity

Answer 20

• elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine
  -presence of edema
• muscle cramps
• weakness
• fatigue

Question 21

Group of antibiotics that cause hepatotoxicity

Answer 21

• cephalosporins
• erythromycin
• antitubercular drugs

Question 22

Liver toxicity could lead to?

Answer 22

• chemical hepatitis
• hepatic necrosis
• liver cirrhosis
• hepatic cancer

Question 23

Some antibiotics may exert toxicant damage to the cells of the CNS and the
PNS, causing?

Answer 23

• neuropathies
• axonopathies
• demyelination
• interference with neurotransmission

Question 24

these antibiotics have a high affinity to the eighth cranial nerve, causing dizziness, vertigo, and deafness

Answer 24

aminoglycosides

Question 25

this antibiotic can collect in the retina and optic nerve, resulting in visual disturbances and blindness

Answer 25

chloroquine

Question 26

True or False Other antibiotics can cause dizziness, drowsiness, lethargy, changes in reflexes, and even hallucinations when they irritate specific nerve tissues.

Answer 26

true

Question 27

classes of antibiotics that cause thrombocytopenia

Answer 27

quinine sulfonamide vancomycin

Question 28

class of antibiotic that causes aplastic anemia

Answer 28

chloramphenicol

Question 29

classes of antibiotics that cause hemolytic anemia

Answer 29

cephalosprorins fluoroquinolones ciprofloxacin rifampin

Question 30

this reaction occurs because of the destruction of the normal flora

Answer 30

secondary effect

Question 31

this occurs when the microorganism is able to adapt to the antibiotic and produces enzymes that resist the effects of the drug

Answer 31

resistance

Question 32

Examples of antibiotic that can cause photosensitivity

Answer 32

doxycycline, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin, and trimethoprim.

Question 33

To enhance therapy and minimize adverse effects, emphasize the importance of

Answer 33

- Personal hygiene - Adequate rest - Nutritional management - ID bracelet/tag to patients with allergy - recommended vaccines for high-risk groups

Question 34

Explain in details the drug therapy of the patient and expectations of therapy

Answer 34

- adherence to drug therapy and completion of full course - s/s that can be anticipated or must be reported - relief of complaints

Question 35

What populations are to be considered in antimicrobial drug therapy ?

Answer 35

pregnant breastfeeding mothers children elderly

Question 36

Major classes of antimicrobials

Answer 36

Antibacterials Antivirals Antimycotics or antifungal Antiprotozoal Anthelminthic Antiseptics Disinfectants Germicides

Question 37

These agents prevent or treat bacterial infections

Answer 37

antibacterial agents

Question 38

These drugs directly impact the viruses by influencing their replication and development

Answer 38

antiviral drugs

Question 39

treat fungal infections by killing the fungal cells or inhibiting their reproduction.

Answer 39

antimycotic or antifungal

Question 40

Subcategories of antibacterials

Answer 40

Aminoglycosides Penicillins Cephalosporins Tetracyclines Sulfonamides Macrolides Quinolones Antimycobacterials Carbapenems Miscellaneous Antibiotics

Question 41

Subcategories of Antivirals

Answer 41

Fusion Inhibitors Neuraminidase Inhibitors NRTI NNRTI Protease Inhibitors Purine Nucleosides Gamma globulins

Question 42

Subcategories of Antimycotics

Answer 42

Systemic antifungals Topical antifungals

Question 43

Antiprotozoal

Answer 43

Antimalarial agents Other antiprotozoal agents