Cephalosporins

Question 1

effective against g(+) and mild
activity against g(- )
microorganisms including Proteus
mirabilis, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae (PEK)

Answer 1

First Generation

cephalexin (Keflex)
cefazolin (Ancef)

Question 2

increased activity against g(-)
including Haemophilus influenza, Enterobacter aerogenes, Neisseria species and PEK (HENPEK); less effective
against g(+)

Answer 2

Second Generation

cefaclor (Ceclor)
cefoxitin (Mefoxin)
cefuroxime
(Zinacef)

Question 3

weak against g(+), potent against
g(-) including HENPEK and S.
marcescens (HENPEKS)

Answer 3

Third generation

cefixime (Suprax)
cefotaxime
(Claforan)
ceftriaxone
(Rocephin)

Question 4

active against g(+) and g(-)
including cephalosporin-resistant
staphylococci and P. aeruginosa
and methicillin-resistant
organisms

Answer 4

Fourth Generation

cefditoren
(Spectracef)
cefepime
(Maxipime)
ceftaroline (Teflaro)

Question 5

decreases absorption of cephalosporin

Answer 5

antacid

Question 6

increases blood levels of certain cephalosporins

Answer 6

diuretics (furosemide)

Question 7

is a drug that is used to treat alcoholism

Answer 7

Disulfiram

Question 8

effectiveness is decreased by cephalosporin

Answer 8

oral contraceptives

Question 9

effectiveness is increased by cephalosporin

Answer 9

oral anticoagulants

Question 10

increased risk of nephrotoxicity

Answer 10

aminoglycosides, vancomycin, loop diuretics

Question 11

decreases absorption of cephalosporin

Answer 11

antacid

Question 12

increases blood levels of certain cephalosporins

Answer 12

diuretics (furosemide)

Question 13

is a life-threatening inflammatory bowel condition
characterized by bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain (Figure 8.2A.). This is one type of bacterial superinfection.

Answer 13

Pseudomembranous colitis

Question 14

causes disulfiram-like reaction

Answer 14

alcohol