Lesson 6

Question 1

It is the process of relaying
essential facts on the care that you provide to your client over a period of time.

Answer 1

Documentation

Question 2

Documentation is made possible through ____________ and ____________.

Answer 2

recording, reporting

Question 3

A formal, permanent, written communication that documents information relevant to your client’s health care management.

Answer 3

Record

Question 4

_____________is recommended especially when
you are administering PRN drugs to avoid inadvertent administration of multiple doses which could lead to serious adverse effects

Answer 4

Immediate documentation

Question 5

Pertinent information that must be included in the recording:

Answer 5

• the administered drug (name, dose, route, and time of administration)
• client’s response to therapy,
• problems with administration (if any)
• unexpected reactions
• refusal

Question 6

An ____________ is accomplished and a follow-through process is done to identify common errors so that they can be prevented through training and in-service.

Answer 6

incident report

Question 7

To carry out the monitoring process, you must be
knowledgeable of the ______________.

Answer 7

drug’s mechanism of action

Question 8

This is the process through which
the drug exerts its pharmacologic effect as well as its intended primary or therapeutic
effect.

Answer 8

drug’s mechanism of action

Question 9

This is the therapeutic effect of the drug

Answer 9

Desired effect

Question 10

This refers to the secondary, unintended effects which are
usually predictable and may or may not be desirable

Answer 10

Side effect

Question 11

These are severe undesirable reactions that must be
reported.

Answer 11

Adverse reactions

Question 12

This occurs when the patient
who has been previously exposed to the drug develops antibodies
causing an immune response when the patient is re-exposed to the drug.

Answer 12

Allergic reactions (or hypersensitivity)

Question 13

These are adverse reactions involving the skin
with manifestations ranging from simple rash to potentially fatal
exfoliative dermatitis or Stevens-Johnson syndrome.

Answer 13

Dermatologic reactions

Question 14

This is a form of cytotoxic reaction caused by drugs that
cause cell death and affect bone marrow cells leading to bone marrow suppression and decreased blood counts.

Answer 14

Blood dyscrasia

Question 15

This occurs when the drug exposure results to severe
problems of the organ systems causing manifestations indicative of tissue or organ damage of the
system affected.

Answer 15

Organ toxicity

Question 16

True or False
Toxicity can occur with regular drug doses

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Some drugs may influence the
physiology of the body too extensively resulting in adverse reactions (e.g.
hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, hypokalemia, hyperkalemia, edema,
dehydration)

Answer 17

Altered physiology and fluid and electrolyte balance

Question 18

This adverse reaction occurs secondary to the destruction of the normal flora resulting in infection caused by usually
controlled organisms.

Answer 18

Superinfection

Question 19

This refers to the drug’s adverse effects on the
developing fetus which can include death and congenital defects.

Answer 19

Teratogenicity

Question 20

This pertains to the decreased physiologic response to repeated administration of a drug; hence, larger drug dose is needed to achieve the usual therapeutic effect. _________________ may also occur in some situations.

Answer 20

Drug tolerance
Cross-tolerance

Question 21

It relates to the person’s reliance or need to take the drug

Answer 21

Drug dependence

Question 22

The person is physically dependent to the drug such that
withdrawal symptoms occur when the drug is not taken for a certain period

Answer 22

Addiction

Question 23

Psychological dependence occurs; the person develops
psychological symptoms when drug is withdrawn

Answer 23

Habituation

Question 24

This refers to the unexpected peculiar response to a
drug

Answer 24

Idiosyncratic effect

Question 25

This occurs when the drug is taken in successive doses at
intervals that are shorter than recommended, or the body does not eliminate
the drug properly, causing accumulation and adverse effects

Answer 25

Cumulative effect

Question 26

A psychological effect derived from administration of a
dosage form that does not contain the active ingredient.

Answer 26

Placebo effect

Question 27

aspirin and propoxyphene – combined analgesic effects can provide greater pain relief (desirable)

nitroglycerin and apresoline – combined vasodilating effects can lead to
severe hypotension (undesirable)

Answer 27

Additive effect

Question 28

barbiturates and alcohol – combination of these two substances causes
profound CNS depression

ASA and codeine – their combined effects produces much greater pain
relief

Answer 28

Synergistic effect

Question 29

magnesium sulfate and calcium gluconate – calcium gluconate is the
antidote for magnesium sulfate toxicity

iron and desferoxamine mesylate – desferoxamine combines with iron
producing a stable compound that is eliminated in the kidneys

Answer 29

Antagonistic effect

Question 30

antacid and ranitidine – antacid interferes with the absorption of
ranitidine resulting to decreased ranitidine effect

probenecid and penicillin – probenecid interferes with the excretion of
penicillin resulting to increased antibiotic activity

Answer 30

Interference

Question 31

warfarin and valproic acid competes at the receptor sites

Answer 31

Displacement

Question 32

furosemide and low pH solutions – furosemide precipitates when
administered in IV solutions with low pH

ampicillin and gentamicin – ampicillin inactivates gentamicin when these
drugs are mixed

Answer 32

Incompatibility

Question 33

when two drugs with similar actions are taken, the effect is
doubled

Answer 33

Additive effect

Question 34

the combined effect of two drugs exceeds the sum of the
effects of each drug given alone

Answer 34

Synergistic effect

Question 35

the effects of two drugs cancel each other (1+1=0) or the
combined effect is less than the sum of each drug working alone; this is usually the basis for the administration of antidotes to counteract the toxic effects of
another drug

Answer 35

Antagonistic effect

Question 36

it occurs when the metabolism or excretion of one drug is
inhibited by another drug/substance

Answer 36

Interference

Question 37

the activity of one drug increases because another drug binds
more readily at the protein-binding sites

Answer 37

Displacement

Question 38

this occurs when the physical interaction of drugs causes
deterioration of the effect of at least one of the drugs; this is usually the basis for the administration of drugs to be mixed or not in IV solutions/syringes

Answer 38

Incompatibility