Lesson 6

Question 1

approach to psychology which emphasizes that all behaviors are learned through
interaction with environment

Answer 1

Behaviorism

Question 2

father of behaviorism

Answer 2

John B. Watson

Question 3

all __________________ are learned through
interaction with environment

Answer 3

behaviors

Question 4

Some assumptions of behaviorism

Behavior is the result of _________________________

Answer 4

stimulus-response

Question 5

Some assumptions of behaviorism

Behavior is learned from the ____________

Answer 5

environment

Question 6

Some assumptions of behaviorism

_____________ should be seen as a science

Answer 6

Psychology

Question 7

Some assumptions of behaviorism

Behaviorism is primarily concerned with ______________ ______________

Answer 7

observable behavior

Question 8

process of acquiring, through experience, new and relatively enduring information or
behaviors

Answer 8

learning

Question 9

Two types of conditioning

Answer 9

1. Classical conditioning
2. Operant conditioning

Question 10

A learning process that occurs when an association is formed between a previously neutral
stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus

Answer 10

Classical conditioning

Question 11

Discovered by Ivan Pavlov

Answer 11

Classical conditioning

Question 12

a Russian physiologist and a Nobel Prize winner in Physiology or
Medicine in 1904 for his research on the digestive system

Answer 12

Ivan Pavlov

Question 13

stimulus that elicits no response (NR)

Answer 13

Neutral stimulus (NS)

Question 14

stimulus that naturally elicits a response

Answer 14

Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)

Question 15

response that is naturally elicited by the UCS

Answer 15

Unconditioned Response (UCR)

Question 16

process where a previously neutral stimulus becomes associated with
an unconditioned stimulus through repeated pairings

Answer 16

Acquisition

Question 17

neutral stimulus that comes to elicit a response
because it has been associated with a UCS

Answer 17

Conditioned stimulus (CS)

Question 18

response often similar to UCR that is elicited by the CS

Answer 18

Conditioned response (CR)

Question 19

John B. Watson’s classical conditioning study involving a 9-month-old baby who was
classically conditioned to fear white rats which later on generalized to other furry
animals and objects

Answer 19

Little Albert Study

Question 20

Classical Conditioning in real life

Answer 20

Conditioned emotional responses
Food aversion
Advertising

Question 21

Classical Conditioning in real life

development of nausea or an aversive response to a par􀆟cular
taste/food because that taste/food was initially followed by a nauseous reaction

Answer 21

Food aversion

Question 22

Learning of voluntary behavior through the effects of pleasant and unpleasant consequences
to responses

Answer 22

Operant Conditioning

Question 23

Major proponent of operant conditioning who is an American psychologist

Answer 23

Burrhus Frederic (B.F.) Skinner

Question 24

B.F. Skinner developed ___________________ to study the effects of consequences on behavior

Answer 24

Skinner’s box

Question 25

process that strengthens the response or makes it more likely to occur again

Answer 25

Reinforcement

Question 26

when a pleasant consequence follows a response, making the response more likely to occur again

Answer 26

Positive reinforcement

Question 27

a principle which states that a more desirable behavior is used to entice a person to engage in a productive but less enjoyable activity

Answer 27

Premack principle

Question 28

when a response is followed by the removal of something unpleasant, making the response more likely to occur again

Answer 28

Negative reinforcement

Question 29

process that weakens a response or makes less likely to occur again

Answer 29

Punishment

Question 30

when the response is followed by an unpleasant stimulus making the response less likely to occur again

Answer 30

Positive punishment

Question 30

when the response is followed by the removal of a pleasant stimulus making the response less likely to occur again

Answer 30

Negative Punishment

Question 31

techniques used to try to increase or decrease certain behaviors

Answer 31

Behavior modification

Question 32

behavior modification technique that involves rewarding successive approximations to a target behavior

Answer 32

Shaping