LESSON 6 Flashcards
transports foods through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, produces digestive juices and enzymes, absorbs nutrients, provides transport proteins to carry lipids and vitamins to other sites in the body. and reabsorbs salts and fluids.
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
also possesses the body’s most rapidly multiplying cells: when healthy, they replace themselves every few days.
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Nutrients absorbed into the bloodstream are taken first to the ____.
LIVER
is one of the body’s most active metabolic factories. It receives nutrients and metabolizes, packages, stores, or ships them out for use by other organs.
LIVER
It manufactures bile, which the body uses to emulsify fat for digestion and absorption. It metabolizes and detoxifies drugs. prepares waste products for excretion, and participates in iron recycling and blood cell manufacture.
LIVER
The pancreas not only contributes digestive juices to the GI tract, but also has another metabolic function: it produces the hormones insulin and glucagon that regulate the body’s use of glucose.
PANCREAS
conduct blood, with its cargo of nutrients and oxygen, to all the other body cells and carry wastes away from them.
HEART AND BLOOD VESSELS
are also active metabolic organs. Unceasingly, for 24 hours of every day, they filter waste products from the blood to be excreted in the urine and reabsorb needed nutrients, thereby maintaining the blood’s delicate chemical balances.
KIDNEYS
also produce compounds that help to regulate blood pressure and convert a precursor compound to active vitamin D, thereby helping to maintain the bones
KIDNEY’S CELL
reactions in which small molecules are put together to build larger ones. require energy (ATP)
ANABOLISM
reactions in which large molecules are broken down to smaller ones. release energy AT
CATABOLISM
The breakdown of energy nutrients continues in the _____ as enzymes break down acetyl CoA molecules.
TCA cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle),
The breakdown of energy nutrients continues in the TCA cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle), as enzymes break down acetyl CoA molecules. With each turn of the TCA cycle. hydrogen atoms are carried by coenzymes to the electron transport chain. The waste product of these reactions is carbon dioxide, which is eventually exhaled
The final step in energy metabolism occurs at the ______.
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
In this process. enzymes attach a phosphate group to ADP, creating ATP The hydrogen atoms that were collected by coenzymes during glycolysis, tat breakdown, and the TCA cycles provide the chemical energy that drives ATP production. Finally, the sarne hydrogen atoms are linked with oxygen to produce water
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
