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NUTRI (LEC) > LESSON 3 > Flashcards

LESSON 3 Flashcards

1
Q

organic compounds (saccharides - starches and sugars) composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Hydrogen and oxygen usually occur in a ratio of 2:1 as in H2O

A

CARBOHYDRATES

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2
Q

They provide the major source of energy for the body or as much as 80-100% of calories.

A

CARBOHYDRATES

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3
Q

The dietary carbohydrates include the:

A

SUGAR
STARCH
FIBER

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4
Q

single sugars

A

MONOSACCHARIDES

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5
Q

double sugars

A

DISACCHARIDES

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6
Q

compounds composed of chains of monosaccharides units

A

POLYSACCHARIDES

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7
Q

monosaccharides

A

GLUCOSE
FRUCTOSE
GALACTOSE

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8
Q

most cells depend on ___for their fuel to some extent, and the cells of the brain and the rest of the nervous system depend almost exclusively on ____ for their energy

A

GLUCOSE

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9
Q

sweetest of the sugars. Occurs naturally in fruits, in honey, and as part of table sugar.

A

FRUCTOSE

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10
Q

the third single sugar, ____, occurs mostly as part of lactose

A

GALACTOSE

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11
Q

also known as milk sugar

A

GALACTOSE

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12
Q

disaccharides

A

SUCROSE
LACTOSE
MALTOSE

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13
Q

table, or white, sugar) is the most familiar of the three disaccharides and is what people mean when they speak of “sugar.

A

SUCROSE

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14
Q

components of sucrose

A

glucose and fructose

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15
Q

it is the principal carbohydrate of milk

A

LACTOSE

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16
Q

component of lactose

A

glucose and galactose

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17
Q

third, disaccharides, a plant sugar that consist of two glucose units.

A

MALTOSE

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18
Q

is produced whenever starch breaks down

A

MALTOSE

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19
Q

components of maltose

A

GLUCOSE AND GLUCOSE

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20
Q

Polysaccharides

A

GLYCOGEN
STARCH
FIBER

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21
Q

molecules are made of chains of glucose that are more highly branched than those of starch molecules.

A

GLYCOGEN

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22
Q

is found in meats only to a limited extent and not at all in plants.

A

GLYCOGEN

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23
Q

it is the complex carbohydrates

A

GLYCOGEN

24
Q

Glycogen is stored in the

A

LIVER AND MUSCLES

25
Q

a long, straight or branched chain of hundreds or thousands of glucose units linked together.

A

STARCH

26
Q

These giant molecules are packed side by side in grains such as rice or wheat, in root crops and tubers such as yams and potatoes, and in legumes such as peas and beans.

A

STARCH

27
Q

are the structural parts of plants and thus are found in all plant derived foods-vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and legumes.

A

FIBERS

28
Q

the sugar units are held together by bonds that human digestive enzymes cannot break.

A

FIBERS

29
Q

moves the glucose from the blood into the cells

A

INSULIN

30
Q

brings glucose out of storage when blood glucose falls (as occurs between meals)

A

GLUCAGON

31
Q

what hormones does pancreas releases

A

INSULIN AND GLUCAGON

32
Q

Fat is a member of the class of compounds called

A

LIPIDS

33
Q

the lipids in foods and in the human body include:

A

TRIGLYCERIDES
PHOSPHOLIPIDS
STEROLS

34
Q

the function of fats in the body

A

ENERGY STORES
MUSCLE FUEL
PADDING
INSULATION
CELL MEMBRANES
RAW MATERIALS

35
Q

when people talk about fat-for example, “I’m too fat” or “That meat is fatty they are usually referring to

A

TRIGLYCERIDES

36
Q

among lipids these predominate both in the diet and in the body

A

TRIGLYCERIDES

37
Q

the name triglycerides comes from

A

3 fatty acids attached to glycerol

38
Q

the nutrient is first broken into small fragments. Then the fragments are linked together into chains known as

A

FATTY ACIDS

39
Q

Solid at room temperature and can be found in meats, butter and dairy products

A

SATURATED FATS

40
Q

too much consumption of these fats can increase the levels of LDL

A

SATURATED FATS

41
Q

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is also known as

A

BAD CHOLESTEROL

42
Q

Liquid at room temperature and can be found in vegetable oils.

A

UNSATURATED FATS

43
Q

These fats increase the levels of good cholesterol or the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) HDL “grabs” LDL and escorts it on the liver where LDL is broken down and eventually removed from the body.

A

UNSATURATED FATS

44
Q

An unhealthy substance that is made through the chemical process of hydrogenation of oils.

A

TRANS FATTY ACIDS

45
Q

are found in vegetable shortening and, in some margarine, crackers, cookies, and snack foods

A

TRANS FATTY ACIDS

46
Q

both raise the ‘bad’ (LDL) cholesterol and lower the ‘good’ (HDL) cholesterol levels in blood, markedly increasing the risk of heart disease

A

TRANS FATTY ACIDS

47
Q

Using carbohydrate, fat, or protein, the human body can synthesize all the fatty acids it needs except for two linoleic acid and linoleic acid.

A

ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS

48
Q

Because they cannot be made from other substances in the body, they must be obtained from food and are therefore called

A

ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS

49
Q

are found in small amounts in plant oils, and the body readily stores them, making deficiencies unlikely. From both of these essential fatty acids, the body makes important substances that help regulate a wide range of body functions: blood pressure, clot formation, blood lipid concentration, the immune response, the inflammatory

A

LINOLEIC AND LINOLENIC ACID

50
Q

these 2 essential nutrients also serve as structural components of cell membranes

A

LINOLEIC AND LINOLENIC ACID

51
Q

known as the omega-6 fatty acid

A

LINOLEIC ACID

52
Q

known as the omega-3 fatty acid

A

LINOLENIC ACID

53
Q

one of the three main classes of lipids; compounds that are similar to triglycerides but have choline (or another compound) and a phosphorus-containing acid in place of one of the fatty acids.

A

PHOSPHOLIPIDS

54
Q

are important constituents of cell membranes. They also act as emulsifiers in the body, helping to keep other fats in solution in the watery blood and body fluids. In addition, some

___ generate signals inside the cells in response to hormones, such as insulin, to help alter body conditions.

A

LECITHIN AND PHOSPHOLIPIDS

55
Q

are large, complex molecules consisting of interconnected rings of carbon

A

STEROLS

56
Q

is the most familiar sterol, but others, such as vitamin D and the sex hormones (for example, testosterone), are important, too.

A

CHOLESTEROL

57
Q

forms deposits in the artery walls, a disease that can cause attacks and strokes

A

ATHEROSCLEROSIS

NUTRI (LEC) (7 decks)

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