LESSON 4 Flashcards
are chemical compounds that contain the same atoms as carbohydrates and lipids carbon (C), hydrogen (H). and oxygen (O)-but are different in that they also contain nitrogen (N) atoms
PROTEINS
give the name amino (nitrogen containing) to the amino acids that form the links in the chains we call proteins
NITROGEN ATOMS
When two amino acids bond together, the resulting structure is known as
DIPEPTIDE
Three amino acids bonded together form
TRIPEPTIDE
As additional amino acids join the chain, the structure becomes a
POLYPEPTIDE
Polypeptide chains twist into
COMPLEX SHAPES
amino acids that the body can synthesize
NON ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS
non essential amino acids
(2-G, 4-A, 2-C, RTS)
GLYCINE
GLUTAMIC ACID
ALANINE
ARGININE
ASPARAGINE
ASPARTIC ACID
CYSTINE
CYSTEIN
RISTIDINE
TYROSINE
SERINE
amino acids that the body cannot synthesize in amounts sufficient to meet physiological need.
ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS
essential amino acids
(HILLMPTTV)
HISTIDINE
ISOLEUCINE
LEUCINE
LYSINE
METHIONINE
PHENYLALAMINE
THREONINE
TRYPTOPHAN
VALINE
The most recognizable consequences of _____ include slow growth in children, impaired brain and kidney functions, weakened immune defenses, and impaired nutrient absorption from the digestive tract.
PROTEIN DEFICIENCY
In clinical settings, the term ____ has traditionally been used to describe the condition that develops when the diet delivers too little protein, too little energy or both
MALNUTRITION/ PROTEIN ENERGY MALNUTRITION
malnutrition caused by recent severe food restriction; characterized in children by underweight for height (wasting). The form of malnutrition manifested in a child’s condition depends partly on the nature of the food shortage.
SEVERE ACUTE MALNUTRITION (SAM)
malnutrition caused by long-term food deprivation; characterized in children by
short height for age (stunting)
CHRONIC MALNUTRITION
is a Ghanaian word meaning a “sickness that infects the first child when the second child is born.”
KWASHIORKOR
When a mother who has been nursing her first child bears a second child, she wears the first child and puts the second one on the breast. The first child, suddenly switched from nutrient-dense, protein-rich breast milk to a starchy, protein-poor gruel, soon begins to sicken and die.
KWASHIORKOR
With too little nutritious food, concentrations of the blood protein albumin fall, causing fluids to shift out of the blood and into the tissues edema, some muscle wasting may occur, but it may not be apparent because abdomen become swollen with edema a distinguishing feature of
KWASHIORKOR
appropriately named from the Greek word meaning “dying away,” reflects a prolonged, unrelenting deprivation of food observed in children living in impoverished nations. Children living in poverty simply do not have enough food.
MARASMUS
They subsist on diluted cereal drinks that supply scant energy and protein of low quality; such food can barely sustain life, much less support growth
MARASMUS
provide enough of all essential amino acids needed to support the body’s work
HIGH QUALITY PROTREINS
do not provide enough of all essential amino acids needed to support the body’s work
LOW QUALITY PROTEINS
