Lesson 6

Question 1

What is the neuron

Answer 1

-it is a specialized cell of the nervous system
-building block of the nervous system and human behaviour
-important for information processing

Question 2

Golgi stain methon

Answer 2

-brain tissue in silver nitrate and other chemicals
-the nervous system is composed of interconnected fibres, a nerve net

Question 3

Santiago Ramon y Cajal

Answer 3

-used golgis stain to study brain tissues in chick embryos
-showed that neurons come in many shapes and sizes
-showed that neurons can be distinguished from glial cells

Question 4

basic structure of neuron

Answer 4

-core region called soma(where nucleus is)
-branching extensions are dendrites and they collect information from other cells
-the main root is the axon which carries the message to other neurons

Question 5

functional groups of neurons

Answer 5

-connect wide areas of the brain and spinal cord

Question 6

what is the basis of plasticity

Answer 6

plasticity arises from the brain making and losing connections with one another
-neuroplacticity is the hallmark for nervous system functioning

Question 7

Dendritic spines

Answer 7

-protrusion from a dendrite that greatly increases its surface are and it is the usual point of contact to axons and other cells

Question 8

Axon hillock

Answer 8

junction of soma and axon where the action potential begins

Question 9

Axon collaterals

Answer 9

-branches of an axon
-axon collaterals divide into multiple branches

Question 10

Telondndria

Answer 10

-end branches of an axon

Question 11

Terminal button

Answer 11

-end of teleodendrion
-knob at the tip of an axon that conveys information to other neurons

Question 12

Synapse

Answer 12

-gap between one neuron and another neuron
-usually between an end foot of an axon and a dendritic spine of another neuron

Question 13

Sensory neurons

Answer 13

-carry information from the sensory receptors in or on the body to the spinal cord and brain

Question 14

interneurons

Answer 14

-an association cell in-between a sensory neuron and a motor neuron.
-they relay both afferent and efferent information

Question 15

Motor Neuron

Answer 15

-cell that carries efferent information from the brain and spinal cord to make muscles contract

Question 16

Bipolar neurons

Answer 16

-transmit afferent information from the retinas light receptors to the neurons that carry information into the brains visual centres

Question 17

somatosensory neurons

Answer 17

-brings sensory information from the body into the spinal cord
-long distance neurons

Question 18

Stellate cell

Answer 18

-small, many dendrites extend around the cell body
-common in larger species

Question 19

Pyramidal cell

Answer 19

-has long axon, a pyramid shaped cell body
-carries information from the cortex to brain and spinal cord

Question 20

Purkinje cell

Answer 20

-a distinctive interneuron with extremely branched dendrites that form a fan shape
-carries information from the cerebellum to the brain and spinal cord

Question 21

Motor neurons

Answer 21

-large dendritic networks
-motor neurons reside in the lower brainstem and spinal cord
-all efferent information must pass through them to get to the muscles