Lesson 5 end of chapter 2 Flashcards
Brainstem
-begins where spinal cord enters the skull
-recives afferent nerves coming from senses and sends efferent nerves out to control almost all body movements
What is the hindbrain?
Controls various motor functions ranging from breathing to balance to fine movement
-is the evolutionarily oldest part of the brain and contains the cerebellum, reticular formation, pons and medulla
Cerebellum
-part of the hindbrain and is larger in animals that use Finley coordinated movements
-controls complex movements and a lot of your cognitive capacity
Midbrain structures
1) tectum is the roof of the midbrain and it processes sensory input.
2) superior and inferior colliculi: superior receives optic nerve fibres and inferior recipes input from auditory pathways
3)the midbrain also orients behaviours and makes the ears and eyes work together
More of the midbrain
Tegmentum is the floor of the midbrain and it controls movement related functions
Diencephalon
The between brain, integrates sensory and motor information on its way to the cerebral cortex
Hypothalumus
-The drug store of the brain, it controls body hormones and controls nearly all aspects of behaviour
Thalamus
Information from all sensory systems are organized and integrated and projected into the appropriate regions of the neocortex
Forebrain structures
-cerebral cortex
-basal ganglia
-limbic system
-neocortex
-allocortex
function of forebrain
-Integrates sensation, motivation, emotion, and memory
-advanced cognitive functions such as thinking and planning and language
Cerebral cortex
-Contains concentric rings of allocortex and six layered neocortex
-the cortex makes up most of the forebrain volume
-most expanded by evolution
-involves folding of the neocortex
Allocortex
-made by three or four layered structures
-these structures include the hippocampus part of the amygdala and several structures that make up the olfactory system
characteristics pf neocortical layers
-different layers have different cell types
-density of cells varies among layers
-cytoarchitectonic map is based on the structure and distribution of cells
Function of neocortex
-is connected to virtually all other parts of the brain and it influences many behaviours and ultimately creates reality
Basal ganglia
-is a structure in the forebrain
-it is a collection of nuclei just below the white matter of the neocortex
-it controls voluntary and involuntary movement
Somatic nervous system
-monitored and controlled by the CNS
-cranial nerves are controlled by the brain
-spinal nerves are controlled by spinal segments
Cranial nerves
-Twelve nerve pairs control sensory and motor functions of the head, neck and internal organs
-The function as afferent and Efferent functions
Dermatomes
Body segment corresponding to a segment of the spinal cord
What are the five anatomical regions
cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal
Law of bell and magendie
the nervous system contains a specific organization setting that stays true to most of the human nervous system
-Posterior fibres are afferent and cary sensory information
-Anterior fibres are efferent and carry information from spinal cord to muscles
Sympathetic system
-arouses the body for action
-mediates fight or flight response
-part of the autonomic nervous system
parasympathetic system
opposite of sympathetic, prepares body for rest and digest
-reverses the fight or flight response
-part of the autonomic nervous system
Enteric nervous system
-controls the gut ( things like bowel movement, secretion and blood flow to support waste)
-The brain and ENS communicate extensively through the ANS
Psychobiotics
Live microorganisms implanted in the gut used to treat behaviour disorders.
