Lesson 5 end of chapter 2

Question 1

Brainstem

Answer 1

-begins where spinal cord enters the skull
-recives afferent nerves coming from senses and sends efferent nerves out to control almost all body movements

Question 2

What is the hindbrain?

Answer 2

Controls various motor functions ranging from breathing to balance to fine movement
-is the evolutionarily oldest part of the brain and contains the cerebellum, reticular formation, pons and medulla

Question 3

Cerebellum

Answer 3

-part of the hindbrain and is larger in animals that use Finley coordinated movements
-controls complex movements and a lot of your cognitive capacity

Question 4

Midbrain structures

Answer 4

1) tectum is the roof of the midbrain and it processes sensory input.
2) superior and inferior colliculi: superior receives optic nerve fibres and inferior recipes input from auditory pathways
3)the midbrain also orients behaviours and makes the ears and eyes work together

Question 5

More of the midbrain

Answer 5

Tegmentum is the floor of the midbrain and it controls movement related functions

Question 6

Diencephalon

Answer 6

The between brain, integrates sensory and motor information on its way to the cerebral cortex

Question 7

Hypothalumus

Answer 7

-The drug store of the brain, it controls body hormones and controls nearly all aspects of behaviour

Question 8

Thalamus

Answer 8

Information from all sensory systems are organized and integrated and projected into the appropriate regions of the neocortex

Question 9

Forebrain structures

Answer 9

-cerebral cortex
-basal ganglia
-limbic system
-neocortex
-allocortex

Question 10

function of forebrain

Answer 10

-Integrates sensation, motivation, emotion, and memory

-advanced cognitive functions such as thinking and planning and language

Question 11

Cerebral cortex

Answer 11

-Contains concentric rings of allocortex and six layered neocortex
-the cortex makes up most of the forebrain volume
-most expanded by evolution
-involves folding of the neocortex

Question 12

Allocortex

Answer 12

-made by three or four layered structures
-these structures include the hippocampus part of the amygdala and several structures that make up the olfactory system

Question 13

characteristics pf neocortical layers

Answer 13

-different layers have different cell types
-density of cells varies among layers
-cytoarchitectonic map is based on the structure and distribution of cells

Question 14

Function of neocortex

Answer 14

-is connected to virtually all other parts of the brain and it influences many behaviours and ultimately creates reality

Question 15

Basal ganglia

Answer 15

-is a structure in the forebrain
-it is a collection of nuclei just below the white matter of the neocortex
-it controls voluntary and involuntary movement

Question 16

Somatic nervous system

Answer 16

-monitored and controlled by the CNS
-cranial nerves are controlled by the brain
-spinal nerves are controlled by spinal segments

Question 17

Cranial nerves

Answer 17

-Twelve nerve pairs control sensory and motor functions of the head, neck and internal organs
-The function as afferent and Efferent functions

Question 18

Dermatomes

Answer 18

Body segment corresponding to a segment of the spinal cord

Question 19

What are the five anatomical regions

Answer 19

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal

Question 20

Law of bell and magendie

Answer 20

the nervous system contains a specific organization setting that stays true to most of the human nervous system
-Posterior fibres are afferent and cary sensory information
-Anterior fibres are efferent and carry information from spinal cord to muscles

Question 21

Sympathetic system

Answer 21

-arouses the body for action
-mediates fight or flight response
-part of the autonomic nervous system

Question 22

parasympathetic system

Answer 22

opposite of sympathetic, prepares body for rest and digest
-reverses the fight or flight response
-part of the autonomic nervous system

Question 23

Enteric nervous system

Answer 23

-controls the gut ( things like bowel movement, secretion and blood flow to support waste)
-The brain and ENS communicate extensively through the ANS

Question 24

Psychobiotics

Answer 24

Live microorganisms implanted in the gut used to treat behaviour disorders.