Lesson 5: Religion Flashcards
Who was one of the first to study religion?
Emilr Durkheim
Who wrote The Elementary Forms of Religious Life?
Emile Durkheim
When was The Elementary Forms of Religious Life written?
1912
What did Durkheim conclude after surveying different communities in the world?
— All religions are different.
— All religions develop a community around their practices and beliefs.
What are two important symbols in religion?
Sacred and profane
Supernatural; events that have significance in religion
Sacred
Events not concerned with religion, part of everyday life
Profane
What are the elements of religion?
— System of beliefs
— Practices
— Community of believers
Categorization of sacred and profane
System of beliefs
Rituals based on beliefs
Practices
Believers of religion; it unites and divide people
Community of believers
True or False: Larger community means larger social ties.
True
A moral community centered on beliefs and practices regarding the sacred
Church
A ___ community centered on beliefs and practices regarding the ___
moral, sacred
Who said that a church is a moral community centered on beliefs and practices regarding the sacred?
Emile Durkheim
Group of people who are united by their religious practices
Church
A unified system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things… things set apart and forbidden—beliefs and practices which unite into one single moral community called church
Religion
A ___ system of beliefs and practices relative to ___ things… things set apart and ___—beliefs and practices which unite into one single moral community called ___
unified, sacred, forbidden, church
Who said religion is a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things… things set apart and forbidden—beliefs and practices which unite into one single moral community called church?
Emile Durkheim
Belief in spiritual beings
Religion (Tylor, 1903)
Who said religion is belief in spiritual beings?
Edward Burnett Tylor, an anthropologist
___ ___ by uniting ___ for a community that shares ___ and ___. (functionalist perspective on religion)
Fosters, social solidarity, believers, values, perspectives
True or False: Religion provides guidance and unites.
True
True or False: Religion does not resist social change and cannot lead change.
False
True or False: Churchgoers die early.
False
Why do churchgoers have low mortality rate?
— Investment in social roles that produce self-worth and purpose in life.
— Experiencing positive emotions from worship and interacting with like-minded people.
— Learning calming ways of coping with crises from compassionate role models (e.g. no smoking and drinking)
What are the dysfunctions of religion?
— Religious persecution
— War and Terrorism
Special commission of Roman Catholic Church to torture women to make them confess that they are witches
Inquisition
Protestant leaders in ___, ___ executed ___ women and men for being ___
Salem, Massachusetts, 21, witches
When did Protestant leaders kill 21 men and women in Salem, Massachusetts for being witches?
1692
Where did approximately 1000 witches get killed in a single purge?
Congo
When did approximately 1000 witches get killed in a single purge?
2001
What religion offered virgins to appease angry Gods?
Aztec
___ monarchs conducted ___ bloody ___ in an attempt to wrest control of the region they called ___ from the ___.
Christian, 9, crusades, The Holy Land, Muslims
True or False: Christian monarchs wanted to take back Jerusalem.
True
To provide ___ and ___ ___ for their members. (symbolic interactionalist perspective on religion)
identity, social solidarity
Ceremonies or repetitive practices
Rituals
Symbols and rituals are developed from where?
Beliefs
Unified picture of how the world was formed
Cosmology
True or False: Beliefs only include values, not cosmology.
False
True or False: The conflict perspective on religion is that it supports the status quo to perpetuate social inequality.
True
What did Karl Marx write regarding the conflict of religion?
Opium of The People
What did Karl Marx label religion?
Opium of the people
Who said religion is the opium of the people?
Karl Marx
___ is the ___ of the ___ creature, the ___ of a heartless word. It is the ___ of the people.
Religion, sigh, oppressed, sentiment, opium
True or False: Religion distorts reality in a way that it justifies and tolerates inequality as God’s plan or a test of resilience.
True
True or False: The functional perspective says that the social arrangement of a society represents what God desires.
False
Who said that religion helped capitalism flourish?
Max Weber and Emile Durkheim
What countries helped capitalism flourish?
European countries
True or False: Asian countries also pioneered the flourishing of capitalism through religion.
False
True or False: Roman Catholics held on the tradition of capitalism.
True
Version of protestantism studied by Weber
Calvinism
What book did German sociologist Max Weber write about Protestantism?
The Protestant Ethic and The Spirit of Capitalism
What year did Max Weber write The Protestant Ethic and The Spirit of Capitalism?
1905
True or False: Capitalism flourished in European countries which generally followed Protestantism.
True
The self-denying approach of spending money, being frugal, and avoiding idleness and needless spending
The Protestant Ethic
The belief that God has predetermined who will receive salvation and who will not
Predestination
The belief that God has predetermined who will receive salvation and who will not
Predestination
What was the Protestant’s ethic of the concept of predestination according to Calvinism?
Heaven and hell
What should be done to receive salvation according to Calvinism? Give two.
— Be frugal to live moral lives.
— Avoid idleness and needless spending as it is a sign of wordliness (sin).
True or False: Luxuries are not a sin in Calvinism.
False
True or False: As people worked hard, the income that they received from businesses were spent.
False
What happened with the money Calvinists earned from their businesses?
— They invest it as capital.
— Business earns income.
— They reinvest it. Cycle goes on.
Accumulation of capital, investment, and reinvesment
Spirit of Capitalism
Believes in divine element
Cult
Derives teachings from real or legendary figures
Cult
A loosely knit and exclusive special group
Cult
True or False: Cult is larger than sect.
False
Breakaway from mainstream church
Sect
Special group that invites or recruits members
Sect
Mainstream religion
Church
A highly bureaucrutized, with long existence and large community, special group
Church
Claims to possess the truth
Church
Group that recruits through childbirth
Church
Group where government and religion work together
Ecclesia
Group recruits through citizenship
Ecclesia
Bizarre and deviant group that is an odd to dominant culture and religion
Cult
Group where participation varies
Cult
Group that may harbor mutual suspicion because it is denied by mainstream church
Sect
Participation is strict and ascetic (self-disciplined)
Sect
Embraced by everyone
Church
Compromises prevailing culture and politics like monogamy
Church
Participation is moderate in demand
Church
Well integrated into society
Ecclesia
Participation mostly includes ceremonies
Ecclesia
