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UCSP Review > Lesson 5: Religion > Flashcards

Lesson 5: Religion Flashcards

1
Q

Who was one of the first to study religion?

A

Emilr Durkheim

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2
Q

Who wrote The Elementary Forms of Religious Life?

A

Emile Durkheim

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3
Q

When was The Elementary Forms of Religious Life written?

A

1912

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4
Q

What did Durkheim conclude after surveying different communities in the world?

A

— All religions are different.
— All religions develop a community around their practices and beliefs.

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5
Q

What are two important symbols in religion?

A

Sacred and profane

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6
Q

Supernatural; events that have significance in religion

A

Sacred

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7
Q

Events not concerned with religion, part of everyday life

A

Profane

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8
Q

What are the elements of religion?

A

— System of beliefs
— Practices
— Community of believers

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9
Q

Categorization of sacred and profane

A

System of beliefs

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10
Q

Rituals based on beliefs

A

Practices

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11
Q

Believers of religion; it unites and divide people

A

Community of believers

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12
Q

True or False: Larger community means larger social ties.

A

True

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13
Q

A moral community centered on beliefs and practices regarding the sacred

A

Church

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14
Q

A ___ community centered on beliefs and practices regarding the ___

A

moral, sacred

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15
Q

Who said that a church is a moral community centered on beliefs and practices regarding the sacred?

A

Emile Durkheim

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16
Q

Group of people who are united by their religious practices

A

Church

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17
Q

A unified system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things… things set apart and forbidden—beliefs and practices which unite into one single moral community called church

A

Religion

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18
Q

A ___ system of beliefs and practices relative to ___ things… things set apart and ___—beliefs and practices which unite into one single moral community called ___

A

unified, sacred, forbidden, church

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19
Q

Who said religion is a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things… things set apart and forbidden—beliefs and practices which unite into one single moral community called church?

A

Emile Durkheim

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20
Q

Belief in spiritual beings

A

Religion (Tylor, 1903)

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21
Q

Who said religion is belief in spiritual beings?

A

Edward Burnett Tylor, an anthropologist

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22
Q

___ ___ by uniting ___ for a community that shares ___ and ___. (functionalist perspective on religion)

A

Fosters, social solidarity, believers, values, perspectives

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23
Q

True or False: Religion provides guidance and unites.

A

True

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24
Q

True or False: Religion does not resist social change and cannot lead change.

A

False

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25
Q

True or False: Churchgoers die early.

A

False

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26
Q

Why do churchgoers have low mortality rate?

A

— Investment in social roles that produce self-worth and purpose in life.
— Experiencing positive emotions from worship and interacting with like-minded people.
— Learning calming ways of coping with crises from compassionate role models (e.g. no smoking and drinking)

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27
Q

What are the dysfunctions of religion?

A

— Religious persecution
— War and Terrorism

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28
Q

Special commission of Roman Catholic Church to torture women to make them confess that they are witches

A

Inquisition

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29
Q

Protestant leaders in ___, ___ executed ___ women and men for being ___

A

Salem, Massachusetts, 21, witches

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30
Q

When did Protestant leaders kill 21 men and women in Salem, Massachusetts for being witches?

A

1692

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31
Q

Where did approximately 1000 witches get killed in a single purge?

A

Congo

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32
Q

When did approximately 1000 witches get killed in a single purge?

A

2001

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33
Q

What religion offered virgins to appease angry Gods?

A

Aztec

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34
Q

___ monarchs conducted ___ bloody ___ in an attempt to wrest control of the region they called ___ from the ___.

A

Christian, 9, crusades, The Holy Land, Muslims

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35
Q

True or False: Christian monarchs wanted to take back Jerusalem.

A

True

36
Q

To provide ___ and ___ ___ for their members. (symbolic interactionalist perspective on religion)

A

identity, social solidarity

37
Q

Ceremonies or repetitive practices

A

Rituals

38
Q

Symbols and rituals are developed from where?

A

Beliefs

39
Q

Unified picture of how the world was formed

A

Cosmology

40
Q

True or False: Beliefs only include values, not cosmology.

A

False

41
Q

True or False: The conflict perspective on religion is that it supports the status quo to perpetuate social inequality.

A

True

42
Q

What did Karl Marx write regarding the conflict of religion?

A

Opium of The People

43
Q

What did Karl Marx label religion?

A

Opium of the people

44
Q

Who said religion is the opium of the people?

A

Karl Marx

45
Q

___ is the ___ of the ___ creature, the ___ of a heartless word. It is the ___ of the people.

A

Religion, sigh, oppressed, sentiment, opium

46
Q

True or False: Religion distorts reality in a way that it justifies and tolerates inequality as God’s plan or a test of resilience.

A

True

47
Q

True or False: The functional perspective says that the social arrangement of a society represents what God desires.

A

False

48
Q

Who said that religion helped capitalism flourish?

A

Max Weber and Emile Durkheim

49
Q

What countries helped capitalism flourish?

A

European countries

50
Q

True or False: Asian countries also pioneered the flourishing of capitalism through religion.

A

False

51
Q

True or False: Roman Catholics held on the tradition of capitalism.

A

True

52
Q

Version of protestantism studied by Weber

A

Calvinism

53
Q

What book did German sociologist Max Weber write about Protestantism?

A

The Protestant Ethic and The Spirit of Capitalism

54
Q

What year did Max Weber write The Protestant Ethic and The Spirit of Capitalism?

A

1905

55
Q

True or False: Capitalism flourished in European countries which generally followed Protestantism.

A

True

56
Q

The self-denying approach of spending money, being frugal, and avoiding idleness and needless spending

A

The Protestant Ethic

57
Q

The belief that God has predetermined who will receive salvation and who will not

A

Predestination

58
Q

The belief that God has predetermined who will receive salvation and who will not

A

Predestination

59
Q

What was the Protestant’s ethic of the concept of predestination according to Calvinism?

A

Heaven and hell

60
Q

What should be done to receive salvation according to Calvinism? Give two.

A

— Be frugal to live moral lives.
— Avoid idleness and needless spending as it is a sign of wordliness (sin).

61
Q

True or False: Luxuries are not a sin in Calvinism.

A

False

62
Q

True or False: As people worked hard, the income that they received from businesses were spent.

A

False

63
Q

What happened with the money Calvinists earned from their businesses?

A

— They invest it as capital.
— Business earns income.
— They reinvest it. Cycle goes on.

64
Q

Accumulation of capital, investment, and reinvesment

A

Spirit of Capitalism

65
Q

Believes in divine element

A

Cult

66
Q

Derives teachings from real or legendary figures

A

Cult

67
Q

A loosely knit and exclusive special group

A

Cult

68
Q

True or False: Cult is larger than sect.

A

False

69
Q

Breakaway from mainstream church

A

Sect

70
Q

Special group that invites or recruits members

A

Sect

71
Q

Mainstream religion

A

Church

72
Q

A highly bureaucrutized, with long existence and large community, special group

A

Church

73
Q

Claims to possess the truth

A

Church

74
Q

Group that recruits through childbirth

A

Church

75
Q

Group where government and religion work together

A

Ecclesia

76
Q

Group recruits through citizenship

A

Ecclesia

77
Q

Bizarre and deviant group that is an odd to dominant culture and religion

A

Cult

78
Q

Group where participation varies

A

Cult

79
Q

Group that may harbor mutual suspicion because it is denied by mainstream church

A

Sect

80
Q

Participation is strict and ascetic (self-disciplined)

A

Sect

81
Q

Embraced by everyone

A

Church

82
Q

Compromises prevailing culture and politics like monogamy

A

Church

83
Q

Participation is moderate in demand

A

Church

84
Q

Well integrated into society

A

Ecclesia

85
Q

Participation mostly includes ceremonies

A

Ecclesia

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