Lesson 5 Circulatory Disturbances Flashcards
localized/generalized
edema, hyperemia, ishcemia, thrombosis, ebmolism, hemorrhage,
dropsy; condition where there is excess tissue fluid present in the body; interstitial fluid
edema
bathes and surrounds cells
interstitial fluid
causes of edema
increased permeablilty of capillaries, increased capillary pressure due to venous obstruction/heart failure, inflammitory condition, fluid/electrolyte problems
generalized edema, excess fluid scattered throughout the entire body
anasarca
excess tissue fluid in abdominal cavity/peritoneal cavity
ascites
excess fluid in thoracic cavity/pleural cavity; could accompany pneumonia
hydrothorax
excess fluid in sac surrounding heart; chest xray shows enlarged heart
hydropericardium
edema of sacculated cavity; scrotum
hydrocele
excess fluid in cranial cavity; water on the brain
hydrocephalus
congestion; excess blood shipped to body part/organ. first stage of inflammatory response
hyperemia
excess blood shipped to a body part/organ due to increased functional demand; ex: blushing
physiological hyperemia
excess blood in a body part/organ due to disease; ex: cyanosis
pathological hyperemia
excess blood in a body part/organ brought by arteries; due to demand such as blushing/disease-inflammation
active hyperemia
excess blood in a body part/organ due to venous obstruction due to disease; ex: deep vein thrombosis
passive hyperemia
reduction in arterial blood supply to a body part/organ
ischemia
fatty plaques starting to form in the arteries; more advanced state in disease which vessel sclerotic
ischemia causes
could lead to dead tissue
ischemia effects
process with presence of an attached blood clot/thrombis during life
thrombosis
injuries to blood vessels, slower rate of blood flow due to blockages in vessels, alterations in blood composition, blood diseases
causes of thrombosis
location of thrombi
arteries, veins-most common site, chambers in heart
can fragment off and be shipped to other parts of body
changes of thromi
consequences of thrombosis
ischemia- thrombis in an artery; passsive hyperemia- mast common, excess blood in body part/organ due to excess blood in a vein due to thrombosis; gangrene- clot in artery dies; infarction- attached blood clot to an artery, dead tissue due to interference with blood supply
process by which there is a free floating object in blood stream present during life
embolism
types of embolisms
fragments of thrombi-most common; bacteria- not natural to be in blood stream; tumors; animal parasites; fat cells; gas; foreign bodies
consequences of embolisms
ischemia- shipped throughout artery; infarction- further consequence of ischemia in artery; spread of infection/neoplasm; necrosis
localized area of dead tissue
necrosis
bleeding; loss of blood from vascular system
hemorrhage
loss of blood due to rupture of a blood vessel/heart
rhexis
loss of blood by squeezing through the pores of capillaries
hemorrhage per diapedesis
pin point hemorrhages; smallest of hemorrhages in terms of size throughout the body
petechia
medium sized hemorrhage; bruise; ex: black eye
ecchymosis
largest of hemorrhages; tumor like mass of loss blood
hematoma
nose bleed
epistaxis
blood in sputum
hemoptysis
vomiting of blood
hematemisis
blood in stool; cult blood lost from intestional tract
melena
blood in thoracic cavity
hemothorax
blood in peritoneum/abdominal cavity
hemoperitoneum
blood in urine; problem with kidneys
hematuria
blood within sac surrounding heart
hemopericardium
loss of blood to the point life cant be sustained; bleeding out
exsanguination
infinity for blood; bleeders disease
hemophilia
causes of hemorrhages
trauma, vascular disease, hypertenstion, blood diseases
post mortem conditions
diminished circulation, absecesses, hemorrhages, emaciation/dehydration, rapid decomp, discolorations
due to infarction and ischemia
diminished circulation
rate of force would cause pieces to come off clot
abscesses
can be intravascular and extravascular
discolorations
