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Module 2 - Biology > Lesson 5 - Biological elements > Flashcards

Lesson 5 - Biological elements Flashcards

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1
Q

Different types of atoms:

A

Elements

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2
Q

How are elements distinguished?

A

Number of protons in the atomic nuclei

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3
Q

Four key elements?

A

Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Carbon (C), Nitrogen (N)

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4
Q

Two important elements below the 4?

A

Phosphorus (P) and Sulfur (S)

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5
Q

What other elements are important (4) in biochemistry?

A

Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), Iron (Fe)

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6
Q

Covalent bonds

A

When two atoms share a pair of electrons.

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7
Q

Electrons shared in covalent bonding?

A

Unpaired and present in outer orbitals of the atoms.

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8
Q

Carbon atoms can form … bonds

A

4

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9
Q

Nitrogen atoms can form … bonds

A

3

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10
Q

Oxygen can form … bonds

A

2

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11
Q

Hydrogen can form … bond(s)

A

1

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12
Q

Draw Hydrogen (H2):
- Electron diagram
- Displayed formula
- ‘Ball and stick’ model

A

…

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13
Q

Draw water (H2O):
- Electron diagram
- Displayed formula
- ‘Ball and stick’ model

A

…

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14
Q

Draw Carbon Dioxide (CO2):
- Electron diagram
- Displayed formula
- ‘Ball and stick’ model

A

…

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15
Q

Draw methane (CH4):
- Electron diagram
- Displayed formula
- ‘Ball and stick’ model

A

…

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16
Q

Draw ammonia (NH4):
- Electron diagram
- Displayed formula
- ‘Ball and stick’ model

A

…

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17
Q

Ion

A

An atom or molecule in which the total number of electrons is not equal to the total number of protons.

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18
Q

Cation

A

Positive charge (loses an electron)

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19
Q

Anion

A

Negative charge (gains an electron)

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20
Q

Ionic bond

A

One atom in the pair donates an electron and the other receives it. This forms a positive and negative that are held together by the force of opposite charges.

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21
Q

Calcium ions formula

A

Ca (2+)

22
Q

Sodium ions formula

A

Na (+)

23
Q

Potassium ions formula

A

K (+)

24
Q

Hydrogen ions formula

A

H (+)

25
Q

Ammonium ions formula

A

NH4 (+)

26
Q

Nitrate ions formula

A

NO3 (-)

27
Q

Hydrogen carbonate ions formula

A

HCO3 (-)

28
Q

Chloride ions formula

A

Cl (-)

29
Q

Phosphate ions formula

A

PO4 (3-)

30
Q

Hydroxide ions formula

A

OH (-)

31
Q

Calcium ions are necessary for:

A
  • Nerve impulse transmission
  • Muscle contraction
32
Q

Sodium ions are necessary for:

A
  • Nerve impulse transmission
  • Kidney function
33
Q

Potassium ions are necessary for:

A
  • Nerve impulse transmission
  • Stomatal opening
34
Q

Hydrogen ions are necessary for:

A
  • Catalysis of reactions
  • pH determination
35
Q

Ammonium ions are necessary for:

A
  • Production of nitrate ions by bacteria
36
Q

Nitrate ions are necessary for:

A
  • Nitrogen supply to plants for amino acid and protein formation
37
Q

Hydrogen carbonate ions are necessary for:

A
  • Maintenance of blood pH
38
Q

Chloride ions are necessary for:

A
  • Balance positive charge of sodium and potassium ions in cells
39
Q

Phosphate ions are necessary for:

A
  • Cell membrane formation
  • Nucleic acid and ATP formation
  • Bone formation
40
Q

Hydroxide ions are necessary for:

A
  • Catalysis of reactions
  • pH determination
41
Q

4 biological molecules:

A
  • Carbohydrates
  • Lipids
  • Proteins
  • Nucleic acids
42
Q

Elements present in carbohydrates:

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

Ratio of Cx(H2O)x

43
Q

Elements present in lipids:

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

44
Q

Elements present in proteins:

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Sulfur

45
Q

Elements present in nucleic acids:

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus

46
Q

Polymers

A

Long chain molecules made up by the linking of multiple individual molecules (called monomers) in a repeating pattern.

47
Q

Carbohydrates:
Monomers and Polymers

A

Monomer: Monosaccharides
Polymer: Polysaccharides

48
Q

Lipids:
Monomers and polymers

A

Monomer: Glycerol and fatty acids
Polymer: Triglycerides

49
Q

Proteins
Monomers and polymers

A

Monomer: Amino acids
Polymer: Polypeptides

50
Q

Nucleic acids
monomers and polymers

A

Monomer: Nucleotides
Polymer: DNA and RNA

Module 2 - Biology (15 decks)

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