Lesson 4 - Comparison between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells

Question 1

DNA

Answer 1

Eukaryotic - Linear
Prokaryotic - Circular

Question 2

Nucleus

Answer 2

Eukaryotic - Have
Prokaryotic - Don’t have

Question 3

DNA organisation

Answer 3

Eukaryotic - Associates with proteins called histones
Prokaryotic - Proteins fold and condense DNA

Question 4

Extra chromosomal DNA

Answer 4

Eukaryotic - Only present in certain organelles such as chloroplasts and mitochondria
Prokaryotic - Circular DNA called plasmids

Question 5

Organelles

Answer 5

Eukaryotic - Both membrane-bound and non-membrane bound
Prokaryotic - Non-membrane bound

Question 6

Cell wall

Answer 6

Eukaryotic - Chitin in fungi, cellulose in plants, not present in animals
Prokaryotic - Peptidoglycan

Question 7

Ribosomes

Answer 7

Eukaryotic - Larger 80S
Prokaryotic - Smaller 70S

Question 8

Cytoskeleton

Answer 8

Eukaryotic - Present, more complex
Prokaryotic - Present

Question 9

Reproduction

Answer 9

Eukaryotic - Sexual or Asexual
Prokaryotic - Binary Fuision

Question 10

Cell type

Answer 10

Eukaryotic - Unicellular and multicellular
Prokaryotic - Unicellular

Question 11

Cell surface membrane

Answer 11

Present in both

Question 12

How are nutrients stored in prokaryotic cells?

Answer 12

Glycogen granules and lipid droplets

Question 13

Cell wall of bacteria made of

Answer 13

Peptidoglycan / Murein
- Peptide polymer + polysaccharide

Question 14

Mesosome

Answer 14

• Originally believed to aid respiration
• Now believed to be an artefact of electron microscopy

Question 15

Slime capsule role

Answer 15

Can prevent phagocytosis

Question 16

Plasmids

Answer 16

Contain small number of genes. Important as could make bacteria resistant to antibiotics