Lesson 11 - ATP Flashcards
Types of energy:
- heat
- light
- chemical bonds
What is energy needed for:
- Muscle contraction
- Cell division
- Transmission of nerve impulses
- Memory formation
Why do cells require energy:
- Synthesis
- Transport
- Movement
Cells require energy for synthesis …
synthesise large molecules such as proteins
Cells require energy for transport …
pumping molecules / ions across cell membranes by active transport
Cells require energy for movement …
protein fibres in muscle cells that cause muscle contraction
ATP =
adenine triphosphate
Structure of ATP:
- nitrogenous base (always adenine)
- pentose sugar (ribose)
- three phosphate groups
It is a nucleotide
Reaction:
ATP + water –> ADP + Pi + energy
Why is the hydrolysis of ATP not happen in isolation?
Occurs in association with energy-requiring reactions. They are ‘coupled’ as they occur simultaneously.
Why is ATP not a long term energy store?
The phosphate bonds are unstable.
What is cellular respiration?
Fats and carbohydrates are stores of energy.
Energy released in the breakdown of these molecules is used to produce ATP.
This occurs as a Pi is reattached to a ADP molecule in phosphorylation.
What type of reaction is phosphorylation?
A condensation reaction as energy is removed.
Properties of ATP:
- Small
- Water soluble
- Contains bonds between phosphates with intermediate energy
- Releases energy in small quantities
- Easily regenerated
Property of ATP:
Small -
Moves easily into, out of, within cells
Property of ATP:
Water soluble
Energy-requiring reactions occur in aqueous environments
Property of ATP:
Contains bonds between phosphates with intermediate energy -
large enough to be useful for cellular reactions but not so large that energy is wasted as heat
Property of ATP:
Releases energies in small quantities -
Quantity is suitable to most cellular needs, so that energy is not wasted as heat
Property of ATP:
Easily regenerates -
Can be recharged with energy
