2.1 key definitions P&M tutor

Question 1

Centrioles

Answer 1

Structures found in the cytoplasm made of microtubules that produce the spindle fibres during mitosis

Question 2

Chloroplasts

Answer 2

Organelles found in plants and algae that are the site of photosynthesis

Question 3

Cilia

Answer 3

Small hair-like structures that project from the surface of cells

Question 4

Cytoskeleton

Answer 4

A mesh of protein fibres found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells used for structural support and intercellular transport

Question 5

Differential staining

Answer 5

Use multiple different stains to distinguish between different parts of the specimin

Question 6

Eukaryotic cell

Answer 6

A type of cell that contains a nucleus along with membrane bound organelles

Question 7

Flagella

Answer 7

A whip-like structure found on bacterial cells that is used for cell movement

Question 8

Golgi apparatus

Answer 8

An organelle found in Eukaryotic cells that is involved in the modification and packaging of proteins

Question 9

Light microscope

Answer 9

A type of microscope that uses a series of lenses to magnify the visible light reflecting off a specimen

Question 10

Lysosome

Answer 10

Membrane bound vesicles found in the cytoplasm that contain a hydrolytic enzyme called lysozyme

Question 11

Magnification

Answer 11

How much bigger an image appears compared to the original object. Calculated using formula:
Mag = Image / Actual

Question 12

Mitochondrion

Answer 12

An organelle found in eukaryotic cells that is the site of aerobic respiration

Question 13

Nuclear envelope

Answer 13

A double membrane that surrounds the nucleus

Question 14

Nucleolus

Answer 14

A structure found inside the nucleus that contains proteins and RNA and is involved in synthesizing new ribosomes

Question 15

Nucleus

Answer 15

An organelle found in eukaryotic cells that holds the genetic information of a cell in chromosomes and is surrounded by a membrane called the nuclear envelope.

Question 16

Plasma Membrane

Answer 16

A semipermeable lipid bilayer studded with proteins that surrounds the cell and many organisms

Question 17

Prokaryotic

Answer 17

A type of cell that does not contain any membrane bound organelles or a nucleus

Question 18

Resolution

Answer 18

Minimum distance between two objects where they can still be viewed as two separate objects

Question 19

Ribosomes

Answer 19

Organelles found either free in the cytoplasm or membrane bound that are involved in protein synthesis

Question 20

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)

Answer 20

A membrane bound organelle that is involved in the synthesis and packaging of proteins

Question 21

Scanning electron microscope (SEM)

Answer 21

A type of microscope that passes a beam of electrons over the surface of a specimen to produce an image.

Question 22

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)

Answer 22

A membrane-bound organelle involved in lipid
synthesis.

Question 23

Transmission electron microscope (TEM)

Answer 23

A type of microscope that passes a beam of electrons through a sample to produce an image

Question 24

Adhesion

Answer 24

A property of water molecules that creates an attraction between them and surfaces that they are in contact with.

Question 25

Amino acid

Answer 25

The monomers containing an amine group (NH2), a carboxylic acid group (COOH), and a variable R group that makes up the protein.

Question 26

Amylopectin

Answer 26

A branches polysaccharide made up of alpha glucose monomers joined by a-1,6 glycosidic bonds and a-1,4 glycosidic bonds that makes up starch along with amylase.

Question 27

Amylose

Answer 27

An unbranched polysaccharide made up of alpha glucose monomers joined by a-1,4 glycosidic bonds that makes up starch along with amylopectin.

Question 28

Anions

Answer 28

Ions with a negative charge

Question 29

Benedict’s test

Answer 29

A biochemical used to detect the presence of a reducing sugar in a solution and distinguish between solutions of different reducing sugar concentrations.

Question 30

Biuret test

Answer 30

A biochemical that produces a purple colour when it is added to a solution containing protein.

Question 31

Cations

Answer 31

An ion with a positive charge

Question 32

Cellulose

Answer 32

A linear polysaccharide that is the main component of the cell wall in plants and is made up of many beta glucose molecules joined by b-1,4 glycosidic bonds

Question 33

Chromotography

Answer 33

A technique used to separate different molecules in a solution by their different properties.