2.1 key definitions P&M tutor Flashcards
Centrioles
Structures found in the cytoplasm made of microtubules that produce the spindle fibres during mitosis
Chloroplasts
Organelles found in plants and algae that are the site of photosynthesis
Cilia
Small hair-like structures that project from the surface of cells
Cytoskeleton
A mesh of protein fibres found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells used for structural support and intercellular transport
Differential staining
Use multiple different stains to distinguish between different parts of the specimin
Eukaryotic cell
A type of cell that contains a nucleus along with membrane bound organelles
Flagella
A whip-like structure found on bacterial cells that is used for cell movement
Golgi apparatus
An organelle found in Eukaryotic cells that is involved in the modification and packaging of proteins
Light microscope
A type of microscope that uses a series of lenses to magnify the visible light reflecting off a specimen
Lysosome
Membrane bound vesicles found in the cytoplasm that contain a hydrolytic enzyme called lysozyme
Magnification
How much bigger an image appears compared to the original object. Calculated using formula:
Mag = Image / Actual
Mitochondrion
An organelle found in eukaryotic cells that is the site of aerobic respiration
Nuclear envelope
A double membrane that surrounds the nucleus
Nucleolus
A structure found inside the nucleus that contains proteins and RNA and is involved in synthesizing new ribosomes
Nucleus
An organelle found in eukaryotic cells that holds the genetic information of a cell in chromosomes and is surrounded by a membrane called the nuclear envelope.
Plasma Membrane
A semipermeable lipid bilayer studded with proteins that surrounds the cell and many organisms
Prokaryotic
A type of cell that does not contain any membrane bound organelles or a nucleus
Resolution
Minimum distance between two objects where they can still be viewed as two separate objects
Ribosomes
Organelles found either free in the cytoplasm or membrane bound that are involved in protein synthesis
Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
A membrane bound organelle that is involved in the synthesis and packaging of proteins
Scanning electron microscope (SEM)
A type of microscope that passes a beam of electrons over the surface of a specimen to produce an image.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)
A membrane-bound organelle involved in lipid
synthesis.
Transmission electron microscope (TEM)
A type of microscope that passes a beam of electrons through a sample to produce an image
Adhesion
A property of water molecules that creates an attraction between them and surfaces that they are in contact with.
Amino acid
The monomers containing an amine group (NH2), a carboxylic acid group (COOH), and a variable R group that makes up the protein.
Amylopectin
A branches polysaccharide made up of alpha glucose monomers joined by a-1,6 glycosidic bonds and a-1,4 glycosidic bonds that makes up starch along with amylase.
Amylose
An unbranched polysaccharide made up of alpha glucose monomers joined by a-1,4 glycosidic bonds that makes up starch along with amylopectin.
Anions
Ions with a negative charge
Benedict’s test
A biochemical used to detect the presence of a reducing sugar in a solution and distinguish between solutions of different reducing sugar concentrations.
Biuret test
A biochemical that produces a purple colour when it is added to a solution containing protein.
Cations
An ion with a positive charge
Cellulose
A linear polysaccharide that is the main component of the cell wall in plants and is made up of many beta glucose molecules joined by b-1,4 glycosidic bonds
Chromotography
A technique used to separate different molecules in a solution by their different properties.
