Lesson 5 Flashcards
Define leadership according to Robbins and Judge (2007).
Leadership is the ability to influence others toward achieving a goal.
What is the main difference between leadership and management?
Leadership focuses on influencing and inspiring people, while management emphasizes planning, organizing, and controlling resources.
Name the three main categories of leadership theories.
- Trait theories
- Behavioral theories
- Situational (contingency) theories
What do trait theories of leadership emphasize?
Certain personality traits or characteristics make individuals effective leaders. (Like the big 5 traits ECOEA)
What do behavioral theories of leadership examine?
They study which specific behaviors are associated with successful leadership.
Eg: Ohio State Uni identified two key behaviors—initiating structure (task-focused) and consideration (Person / relationship-focused).
Explain Fiedler’s Contingency Theory.
Leadership effectiveness depends on matching the leader’s style to the situation, based on leader-member relations, task structure, and position power.
What are the four leader behaviors in House’s Path-Goal Theory?
- Directive
- Supportive
- Participative
- Achievement-oriented
Name the three environmental variables in Path-Goal Theory.
- Task structure
- Formal authority
- Work group autonomy
How does Path-Goal Theory suggest leaders adapt to employees?
Leaders adjust their style based on employees’ experience, ability, and locus of control.
What is locus of control?
Internal: Believes we influence outcomes
External: Believes we have no control in the outcomes
What is the Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) theory?
It focuses on the quality of exchanges between leaders and followers, distinguishing between “in-group” and “out-group” relationships.
How good the followers respond / react.
How does implicit leadership theory define leadership effectiveness (Lord and Maher, 1991)?
Leadership is perceived as effective if it matches followers’ implicit mental picture of what a leader should be.
What is charismatic leadership?
A leadership style where leaders inspire and influence followers through their vision, energy, and personal traits.
Why are charismatic leaders valued in organizations?
They often drive organizational success, and charismatic CEOs tend to receive higher compensation.
What is the ‘super leader’ problem in charismatic leadership?
Over-reliance on one leader can lead to challenges in sustainability and organizational dependence.
Define transactional and transformational leadership.
Transformational Leadership:
Leaders inspire and motivate followers to exceed expectations by creating a shared vision, fostering trust, and encouraging innovation.
(Associated with the charismatic leadership)
Transactional Leadership:
Focuses on clear structures, rewards, and punishments to achieve organizational goals.
Example: A sales manager offering bonuses for meeting targets. You work = I pay you
Define charismatic and give examples of charismatic leaders.
Is a person with competing attractiveness or charm that can inspire devotion in others. Someone inspirational, self-confident, influential, entertaining.
ex: Hitler, Obama, Putin, Robin Williams.
How do HRM practices mediate transformational leadership outcomes?
HRM helps communicate the leader’s vision, structure jobs to empower employees, and provide resources for development.
How do transformational leaders influence HR practices?
They encourage commitment-oriented HR practices and motivate followers to develop.
Explain the difference between leader development and leadership development.
Leader development focuses on individual skills, while leadership development builds interpersonal competence.
Name activities used in leadership development.
- 360-degree feedback
- Coaching
- Mentoring
- Networks
- Job assignments
- Action learning
How do followers influence leadership?
Feedback and accountability, support and trust, cultural expectations, challenging leadership, co-creation of vision.
How does leadership function in practice?
Setting direction, building relationships, decision-making, empowering teams, adapting to change.
What are the HRM implications of leadership?
Leadership development, succession planning, diversity and inclusion, employee engagement, performance management, culture building, conflict resolution.
