Lesson 5 Flashcards by Trung Dang

Ablative Case

Xuất xứ cách
(from…, because of…)
The main idea of the Ablative Case is to express the point of origin.

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puriso gāmā āgacchati

The man comes from the village.

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purisā nagarehi nikkhamanti

The men depart from / go out of the cities/towns.

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uṭṭhāya āsanā

Having got up / from the seat,

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upādānapaccayā bhavo

“Becoming [is] due to clinging as a condition” or
“Becoming [arises] due to the condition, namely, clinging”

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Upādānapaccaya

= upādāna (n) + paccaya (m) [sandhi]

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dukkhasmā vimuccati

“He/she/it is freed from suffering”

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vivicca akusalehi dhammehi

secluded from unwholesome things
- vivicca “having become separated from” or “after secluding oneself from”
- akusala (adj) dhamma (m)
- akusalehi dhammehi (ins/pl; abl/pl) = bằng/từ các bất thiện Pháp

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añño samaṇo Gotamā abhiññataro

“Another ascetic wiser than Gotama”

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sappuriso kupurisā abhirūpataro

“The good man is more handsome than the bad man”

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aññatra phassā/smā/amhā

“elsewhere from contact”, which means “Except for contact”

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paraṃ maraṇā/smā/amhā

“Beyond from death”, i.e. “After death”

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yāva brahmalokā/smā/amhā

“All the extent from the Brahma world”, i.e. “Up to the Brahma world”

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aniccā vata saṅkhārā ti vadati

“One says: ‘impermanent, oh, are conditioned things!’.”

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Buddho dhammaṃ deseti iti vadati

“He says thus (iti): ‘the Buddha teaches the Dhamma’”, or “He says that the Buddha teaches the Dhamma”

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loko anicco hoti iti vadāmi

“‘The world is impermanent’, thus I say”

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puriso āgacchatī ti vatvā purisaṃ nimanteti

“‘The man is coming’, having said thus, he/she invites the man”

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puriso āgacchatī ti cintetvā nagarā nikkhamati

“‘The man is coming’, having thought thus, he/she goes out of the city”

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dukkhaṃ, dukkhasamudayo, dukkhanirodho, maggo ti ariyasaccāni

“The noble truths, namely (iti): suffering, the arising of suffering, the cessation of
suffering, the path”

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can be translated as “certainly”, “indeed”, “really”, or even “for” (= “because”)

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evaṃ hi (or, with sandhi, evañ hi)

“for, indeed…”

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tena hi

“therefore”

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tathā hi

“for, in this way”

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na hi tathāgatā vitathaṃ bhaṇanti

“For the Tathāgatas (i.e. the Buddhas) do not speak what is untrue”

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cora

m., thief

dhañña

n., grain, cereal

puppha

n., flower

sāvaka

m., direct disciple of the Buddha

aneka

adj., more than one, many, multiple

nīla

adj., blue

vimutta

ppp., liberated [from + abl.]

seta

adj., white

abhivādetvā

abs., having greeted respectfully, cf. vb., abhivādeti

uppajjati

vb. to arise

nibbindati

vb., to become disenchanted, to lose interest

nisīdati

vb., to sit down

phussati

vb., to touch

sikkhati

vb., to train in [+ acc.], to practice

vinā

ind., without [+ ins.]

atha kho buddho gāmaṃ gacchāmī ti vatvā gāmaṃ pavisitvā piṇḍaṃ labhati

“Then the Buddha, having said ‘I enter the village’, having entered the village, obtains alms” atha kho [INTRO] buddho [SUBJECT] gāmaṃ gacchāmī ti vatvā [ABSOLUTIVE SENTENCE] gāmaṃ pavisitvā [ABSOLUTIVE SENTENCE] piṇḍaṃ labhati [MAIN SENTENCE]

buddho nibbānāya dhammaṃ deseti

“The Buddha teaches the Dhamma for/toward Nibbāna” (i.e. to attain Nibbāna)

samaṇo piṇḍāya gāmaṃ pavisati

“The ascetic enters the village for alms”

lobhā dhanaṃ icchāmi

“Because of greed, I desire wealth”

evaṃ ñāṇaṃ labhāma

“Thus we obtain knowledge”

nagarā pakkamatha

“You all go away from the city”

corehi bhayaṃ uppajjati

“Fear of (lit. from) thieves arises”

akkhehi nīlaṃ pupphaṃ passati

“With the eyes he/she sees a blue flower”

akkhehi nīlaṃ pupphaṃ passanti

“With the eyes they see a blue flower”

akkhehi nīlāni pupphāni passati

“With the eyes he/she sees blue flowers”

akkhehi nīlāni ca setāni ca pupphāni passati

“With the eyes he/she sees both blue and white flowers”

aññatra dhammā saraṇaṃ n’ atthi

“There is no refuge apart from the Dhamma”

vinā dhammena saraṇaṃ n’ atthi

“Without Dhamma there is no refuge”

samaṇā dhammaṃ vā suṇanti vinayaṃ vā sikkhanti

“The ascetics either listen to the Dhamma or practice the Vinaya”

puriso gāmā āgacchatī ti vatvā pakkamati

“Having said: ‘the man comes from the village’, he/she goes away”

buddho nibbānāya dhammaṃ desetī ti ñatvā dhammaṃ suṇāti

“Having known: ‘the Buddha teaches the Dhamma towards nibbāna’, he/she listens to the Dhamma”

samaṇo piṇḍāya gāmaṃ pavisatī ti janā samaṇassa dānaṃ denti

“‘The ascetic enters the village for alms’, thus [thinking/seeing/understanding] people give a donation to the ascetic”

dhanaṃ ādāya dhaññaṃ labhati

“Having taken wealth, he obtains grain”

sāvakā dukkhasmā vimuttā

“Disciples liberated from suffering” / “The disciples [are] liberated from suffering”

buddhaṃ abhivādetvā nisīdati

“Having respectfully greeted the Buddha, he/she sits down”

nīlaṃ pupphaṃ disvā nagaraṃ gacchāma

“Having seen a blue flower, we go to the city”

lobhā dhanaṃ gahetvā corā bhavāma

“Having obtained wealth due to greed, we become thieves”

rūpaṃ aniccaṃ iti nibbindati

“He/she becomes disenchanted, [thinking] ‘form is impermanent’”

evaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ dānaṃ datvā samaṇānaṃ pi dānaṃ deti

“Having thus given a gift to brahmins, he/she gives a gift to ascetics as well”

buddhā dhammaṃ desenti

NOM.PL. “The buddhas teach the Dhamma”

lobhā dhanaṃ icchati

ABL.SG. “Because of greed he/she desires wealth”

purisā mohā ñāṇaṃ na labhanti

NOM.PL., ABL.SG. “Men (purisā, nom.pl.), due to delusion (mohā, abl.sg.), do not obtain knowledge”

puriso dukkhā vimuccati

ABL.SG. “The man is freed from suffering”

samaṇā puññā dānaṃ labhanti

NOM.PL., ABL.SG. “The ascetics (samaṇā, nom.pl.), due to merit (puññā, abl.sg.) obtain a gift”

purisassa corehi bhayaṃ n’ atthi

ABL.PL. “The man has no fear of/from thieves”

hatthehi rūpaṃ phussati

INS.PL. “He/she experiences form with the hands”

purisā nagarehi nikkhamanti

ABL.PL. “Men go away from cities”

akkhehi rūpaṃ passati

INS.PL. “With the eyes he/she sees form”

anekehi lokehi devā āgacchanti

ABL.PL. “From many worlds gods are coming”