Lesson 4: Determining Truth Flashcards
established truth that are verified
fact
subjective and may express certain views and beliefs
opinion
personal views of the person presenting it
bias
true or false
bias are errors in reasoning as they affect the views of the people
False
not errors in reasoning but may affect the views of the people
tendency to judge a person’s personality by his or her action
correspondence bias
accepting information to fit with one’s belief and reject ideas that go against it
confirmation bias
focusing on the certain aspect of the problem while ignoring other aspects
framing
tendency to see past events as predictable; ascribe a pattern to historical events
hindsight
a person or group is connected to or has vested interest in the issue
conflict of interest
analyzing an event or issue based on one’s cultural standard
cultural bias
direct relationship between an idea and reality to be able to take a statement as “Fact”
correspondence theory
something is true if it makes sense when placed in a certain situation
coherence theory
knowledge is shaped by social forces and influenced by culture and history
constructivist theory
knowledge based on agreement
consensus theory
viewing something is true if we can put it into practice or useful in real life
pragmatic theory
employ a skeptical attitude in looking at ideas, events or things
systematic doubt
discussions, discourse and debate on ideas
argument
varied and differing ideas and perspectives are analyzed
dialectic
method of analyzing a topic by formulating a series of questions
Socratic method
statements that convey certain assumptions in philosophical studies
axioms
principle used in analyzing possible explanations regarding a phenomenon
occam’s razor
states that among possible explanations, the simplest one which has the least unnecessary assumptions is the most acceptable
occam’s razor
systematic analysis of the validity of arguments and statements
formal logic
logical arguments presented as series of related statements or premises leading to a conclusion
syllogisms
imagined scenarios used to illustrate a certain problem
thought experiment and allegory
