Lesson 4: Determining Truth

Question 1

established truth that are verified

Answer 1

fact

Question 2

subjective and may express certain views and beliefs

Answer 2

opinion

Question 3

personal views of the person presenting it

Answer 3

bias

Question 4

true or false

bias are errors in reasoning as they affect the views of the people

Answer 4

False

not errors in reasoning but may affect the views of the people

Question 5

tendency to judge a person’s personality by his or her action

Answer 5

correspondence bias

Question 6

accepting information to fit with one’s belief and reject ideas that go against it

Answer 6

confirmation bias

Question 7

focusing on the certain aspect of the problem while ignoring other aspects

Answer 7

framing

Question 8

tendency to see past events as predictable; ascribe a pattern to historical events

Answer 8

hindsight

Question 9

a person or group is connected to or has vested interest in the issue

Answer 9

conflict of interest

Question 10

analyzing an event or issue based on one’s cultural standard

Answer 10

cultural bias

Question 11

direct relationship between an idea and reality to be able to take a statement as “Fact”

Answer 11

correspondence theory

Question 12

something is true if it makes sense when placed in a certain situation

Answer 12

coherence theory

Question 13

knowledge is shaped by social forces and influenced by culture and history

Answer 13

constructivist theory

Question 14

knowledge based on agreement

Answer 14

consensus theory

Question 15

viewing something is true if we can put it into practice or useful in real life

Answer 15

pragmatic theory

Question 16

employ a skeptical attitude in looking at ideas, events or things

Answer 16

systematic doubt

Question 17

discussions, discourse and debate on ideas

Answer 17

argument

Question 18

varied and differing ideas and perspectives are analyzed

Answer 18

dialectic

Question 19

method of analyzing a topic by formulating a series of questions

Answer 19

Socratic method

Question 20

statements that convey certain assumptions in philosophical studies

Answer 20

axioms

Question 21

principle used in analyzing possible explanations regarding a phenomenon

Answer 21

occam’s razor

Question 22

states that among possible explanations, the simplest one which has the least unnecessary assumptions is the most acceptable

Answer 22

occam’s razor

Question 23

systematic analysis of the validity of arguments and statements

Answer 23

formal logic

Question 24

logical arguments presented as series of related statements or premises leading to a conclusion

Answer 24

syllogisms

Question 25

imagined scenarios used to illustrate a certain problem

Answer 25

thought experiment and allegory