Lesson 3: Truth Flashcards
property of sentences, assertions, beliefs, thoughts, or propositions that are said, in ordinary discourse, to agree with fact
truth
3 bearers of truth:
- belief
- statements
- sentences
mental expression of our claims
belief
refers to a linguistic expression whose function is to advance a claim about the world
statements
what are the methods of truth?
- observation
- reasoning
- intuition
is the method to check if an empirical statement, a statement about an observable fact in the world, correctly represents a fact in the world.
Observation
observation of our own thoughts and feelings
Internal Observation
Philosophers identify this as introspection
Internal observation
is observation of things “outside our mind or consciousness”
External Observation
the process of knowing or establishing truth by means our reason
Reasoning
is the process of reasoning that moves from specific observations to broader generalizations.
Inductive
is the process of reasoning that starts from general statements to reach a logical conclusion.
Deductive
the power of obtaining knowledge that cannot be acquired either by inference or observation, by reason or experience.
Intuition
provides the person having the experience some mean of knowing something which cannot be known using the usual methods of observation by our sense organs and reasoning.
Mystical Experience
may take the form of testimony of a reliable eyewitness, information provided by an appropriate expert, and reliable documents, among others.
Appeal to Authority
What are the Methods of Truth?
- Observation
- Reasoning
- Intuition
- Mystical Experience
- Appeal to Authority
is established by means of sense of experience.
Empirical truth
is established by means of reason.
Rational truth
it can only be known after some relevant experience.
Posteriori
it can be only known before some relevant experience.
Priori
extends our knowledge; the information provided by the predicate is not contained the information provided by the subject.
Synthetic truth
does not extend knowledge; the information provided by the predicate is contained the information provided by the subject.
Analytic
is not true in all situations
Contingent truth
is true in all possible situations.
Necessary truth
can only be known by the person who has the belief of makes the statement considered to be true.
Private truth
can, in principle, be known by everyone.
Public truth
is dependent on the attitudes, preferences, or interests of a person or a group of persons.
Subjective truth
is independent on the attitude, preferences , or interests of a person or a group of person.
Objective truth
if its truth is acknowledged by everyone.
Universal truth
if its truth is acknowledged by some people.
Relative truth
the truth of the statement arrived at through the process of deductive reasoning.
Certain truth
the truth of the statement arrived at through the process of inductive reasoning
Probable truth
