Lesson 4 Flashcards
Tell us what is right and wrong, good, and evil
Values
Imply a preference to correct human behavior
Values
Attempt to be constructive, not destructive, over issues involving personak issues
Values
Essential Mental Attributes for Ethical Reasoning
Ethical Humility
Ethical Courage
Ethical Empathy
Ethical Fair-mindedness
Awareness of the limits of one’s own ethical insights
Ethical Humility
Willingness to assess fairly ideas, beliefs, and viewpoints
Ethical Courage
Willingness to attempt to understand the opinion of others
Ethical Empathy
To hold one’s own beliefs and opinions to the same standard of proof and evidence
Ethical Fair-mindedness
A Scottish author that quoted “Never ascribed to an opponent motive meaner than your own”
J.M. Barrie
The consequence oriented theory
Teleological Theories
The duty oriented theory
Deontological Theory
Judge rightness or wrongness of decisions based on outcomes or predicted outcomes
Teleological theory
The right thing to do is the good thing to do
Teleological
Who are the fathers of Utilitarianism
Jeremy Bentham
John Stuart Mill
The good resides in the promotion of happiness or the greatest net increase of pleasure over pain
Utilitarianism
the greatest amount of good for the greatest number of people
Utilitarianism
It is used when they seek to divide scarce resources such as healthcare
Utililitarian Theory
Decision based on possible alternatives for action
Act Utilitarianism
Individual is not allowed to increase his share of happiness at the expense of another
Equal Consideration of Interest
One ought to act to produce greatest balance of happiness over unhappiness
Equal Consideration of Interest
Basic rightness or wrongness of act depends on its intrinsic nature
Duty oriented Theories
He said, “Morality derived from rationality, not from experience”
Immanuel Kant
Based on him, we are rational beings and a central feature of this rationality
Immanuel Kant
“Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals” is the work of
Immanuel Kant
Command derived from a principle
Imperative
Maxim understood as a universal law
Imperative
What are the 3 elements of Imperative
Universal application
Unconditionality
Demanding an action
An action is known to be right when it was in accordance with rule that satisfied a principle
Categorical Imperative
Individual in social situation requiring value choice without knowing role he was playing in situation
Contract Theory of John Rawls
Who made contract theory
John Rawls
What theory: the individual would choose alternative that best supported or favoured most disadvantaged person
Contract theory
The most common form of consequence oriented reasoning is known
Utilitarianism
