Lesson 3.5: What is Philosophy

Question 1

two appraches to philosophical inquiry

Answer 1

dialectic and socratic method

Question 2

form of dialogue that involves asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking and to draw out ideas and underlying assumptions. It is a conversational technique used to explore complex ideas and uncover beliefs.

Answer 2

socratic method

Question 3

primary goal of the socratic method

Answer 3

achieve a deeper understanding of a topic and expose contradictions or inconsistencies in one’s thoughts

Question 4

process of socratic methd

Answer 4

questioning; clarification; refutation; re-evaluation

Question 5

The person being questioned is encouraged to re-evaluate their beliefs.

Answer 5

re-evaluation

Question 6

Through these questions, he sought to clarify concepts and ideas.

Answer 6

clarification

Question 7

structured form of dialogue where opposing ideas are presented and discussed to reach a higher understanding or synthesis.

Answer 7

dialectic method

Question 8

dialectic method originates from

Answer 8

the greek word “dialektikē”

Question 9

the dialectic method is more

Answer 9

broad than the socratic method

Question 10

purpose of dialectic method

Answer 10

resolve contradictions between logical argumentation and to synthesize a higher level of understanding

Question 11

process of dialectic method

Answer 11

thesis, antithesis, synthesis

Question 12

A particular idea or starting point.

Answer 12

thesis

Question 13

An opposing idea that challenges the thesis.

Answer 13

antithesis

Question 14

The resolution that reconciles the thesis and antithesis, leading to a new
understanding.

Answer 14

synthesis

Question 15

Primarily used for examining beliefs and achieving moral and
intellectual clarity through questioning.

Answer 15

socratic method

Question 16

A broader process that includes the synthesis of opposing
ideas to develop a more comprehensive understanding.

Answer 16

dialectic method

Question 17

Typically involves one-on-one dialogue with a focus on
exposing contradictions.

Answer 17

socratic method

Question 18

Can involve multiple viewpoints and is often used to explore
and reconcile complex philosophical, ethical, or theoretical issues.

Answer 18

dialectic method

Question 19

Often leads to a deeper awareness of ignorance or uncertainty,
prompting further inquiry.

Answer 19

socratic method

Question 20

Aims to achieve a synthesis or resolution of differing
perspectives, resulting in a more refined understanding.

Answer 20

dialectic method

Question 20

an ancient Greek philosophy that teaches the development of self-control and
fortitude as a means to overcome destructive emotions.

Answer 20

stoicism

Question 21

stoicism was founded

Answer 21

in Athens by Zeno of Citium in early 3rd century BCE

Question 22

key principles of stoicism

Answer 22

virtue as the highest good; emotional resilience; focus on what you can control; acceptance of fate; living according to nature

Question 23

Stoics believe that the highest good is

Answer 23

virtue

Question 24

virtue consists of

Answer 24

wisdom, courage, justice, and temperance

Question 25

A virtuous life leads to

Answer 25

happiness and tranquility

Question 26

Stoicism teaches that we should not be controlled by our desires
or emotions.

Answer 26

emotional resilience

Question 27

an understanding and acceptance of the
natural order

Answer 27

logos

Question 28

what is within our control according to stoicism

Answer 28

our thoughts, actions, and attitudes

Question 29

what is not within our control according to stoicism

Answer 29

external events and other people’s actions

Question 30

They argue that we should only concern ourselves with what we can control
and accept what we cannot.

Answer 30

focus on what you can control

Question 31

Stoics practice

Answer 31

amor fati

Question 32

amor fati means

Answer 32

love of fate

Question 33

This principle encourages acceptance of all events as necessary parts of the whole,
leading to a life free of frustration and disappointment.

Answer 33

acceptance of fate (amor fati)

Question 34

Stoicism teaches that we should live in accordance with
nature, both in the sense of being in harmony with the universe and understanding
human nature.

Answer 34

living according to nature

Question 35

key figures in stoicism

Answer 35

zeno of citium; epictetus; seneca; marcus aurelius

Question 36

The founder of Stoicism who taught in Athens. He established the basic
principles of Stoic philosophy.

Answer 36

zeno of citium

Question 37

A former slave who became a prominent Stoic teacher. His teachings
emphasized the power of the individual’s will and the importance of self-discipline.

Answer 37

epictetus

Question 38

A Roman statesman and philosopher who wrote extensively on Stoic ethics and
practical wisdom.

Answer 38

seneca

Question 39

A Roman emperor and Stoic philosopher, known for his work
“Meditations,” which is a series of personal writings reflecting his Stoic beliefs.

Answer 39

marcus aurelius

Question 40

practical applications of stoicism

Answer 40

dealing with stress; building resilience; improving decision-making

Question 41

By focusing on what you can control and accepting what you can’t, Stoicism helps reduce stress and anxiety.

Answer 41

dealing with stress

Question 42

Stoicism encourages emotional resilience by promoting the idea that external events do not define us, but our reactions to them do.

Answer 42

building resilience

Question 43

The emphasis on rational thinking and virtue helps in making clear and ethical decisions.

Answer 43

improving decision making

Question 44

involves focusing on specific parts of a situation or problem without necessarily
considering the whole context.

Answer 44

partial thinking

Question 45

It involves analyzing individual elements separately rather than
looking at the bigger picture.

Answer 45

partial thinking

Question 46

involves looking at the big picture and considering all aspects of a situation or problem.

Answer 46

holistic thinking

Question 47

It emphasizes the connections and relationships between different parts and seeks to understand the whole system rather than just individual components.

Answer 47

holistic thinking