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101PHILO (2) > Lesson 0: Exam Pointers > Flashcards

Lesson 0: Exam Pointers Flashcards

1
Q

Philosophy comes from

A

the greek term philos and sophia

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2
Q

philo means

A

love

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3
Q

sophia means

A

wisdom

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4
Q

the pursuit of wisdom through asking fundamental questions about life, existence, knowledge, and ethics.

A

philosophy

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5
Q

philosophers strive to understand

A

deeper truths about the world and human nature

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6
Q

involves asking critical, probing questions to stimulate deeper thinking and discussion

A

socratic method

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7
Q

socrates famously said

A

the unexamined life is not worth living

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8
Q

This encourages individuals to reflect on their lives, their beliefs, and their choices.

A

“the unexamined life is not worth living” - socrates

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9
Q

constantly questioning, Socrates believed we could

A

achieve greater clarity and wisdom

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10
Q

involves viewing issues and problems in their entirety, taking all aspects into account

A

holistic thinking

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11
Q

focuses on isolated parts without considering the whole.

A

partial thinking

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12
Q

essential in philosophy as it allows for a more comprehensive understanding of complex issues.

A

holistic thinking

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13
Q

about deeply considering and analyzing our thoughts, actions, and experiences

A

philosophical reflection

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14
Q

It’s a way to examine the nature of reality, human behavior, and existence.

A

reflection

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15
Q

helps us gain insights into ourselves and the world, promoting a more thoughtful approach to life.

A

reflection

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16
Q

a philosophical movement that focuses on individual freedom, choice, and responsibility.

A

existentialism

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17
Q

it emphasizes that humans create their own meaning in life through the decisions they make.

A

existentialism

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18
Q

This perspective encourages personal authenticity and living in accordance with one’s true self, even in the face of life’s uncertainties.

A

existentialism

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19
Q

how is philosophy and science similar

A

they are both ways of understanding the world

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20
Q

how is philosophy and science different

A

their approaches

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21
Q

philosophy is based on

A

reasoning and conceptual analysis

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22
Q

science relies on

A

empirical evidence and experimentation

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23
Q

philosophy asks

A

deeper why questions about meaning and existence

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24
Q

science focuses on

A

how things happen in the natural world

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25
Q

logical fallacies

A

ad hominem, false cause, appeal to force, equivocation fallacy

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26
Q

appeal to force is also known as

A

ad baculum

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27
Q

This fallacy occurs when someone attacks the person making an argument rather than addressing the argument itself.

A

ad hominem fallacy

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28
Q

 It shifts focus away from the issue at hand by criticizing the person’s character or motive, which is irrelevant to the logic of the argument.

A

ad hominem fallacy

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29
Q

assumes a cause-and-effect relationship between two unrelated events.

A

false cause fallacy

30
Q

Just because one event follows another, it does not mean the first caused the second.

A

false cause fallacy

31
Q

This is a common error in reasoning and can lead to faulty conclusions.

A

false cause fallacy

32
Q

occurs when someone uses threats or intimidation instead of logic to win an argument.

A

appeal to force (ad baculum)

33
Q

Rather than providing rational reasons, the speaker tries to coerce agreement through fear.

A

appeal to force (ad baculum)

34
Q

involves using a word with multiple meanings ambiguously in an argument, leading to a misleading or false conclusion.

A

equivocation fallacy

35
Q

This is often done unintentionally but can also be used deliberately to confuse or deceive.

A

equivocation fallacy

36
Q

philosophy perspectives

A

docta ignorantia; gabriel marcel’s primary and secondary reflection; human person as an embodied spirit; importance of examining life

37
Q

docta ignorantia translated to

A

learned ignorance

38
Q

It reflects Socrates’ famous admission that true wisdom lies in recognizing the limits of one’s knowledge

A

docta ignorantia

39
Q

 Socrates believed that acknowledging one’s ignorance is the first step toward gaining deeper understanding.

A

docta ignorantia

40
Q

looks at experiences in a straightforward, surface-level way, focusing on the facts.

A

primary reflection

41
Q

goes deeper, trying to understand the meaning behind experiences

A

secondary reflection

42
Q

 It is essential in philosophy to not just look at things as they appear but to understand the underlying essence.

A

Gabriel Marcel’s Primary and Secondary Reflection

43
Q

suggests that humans are both physical (body) and non-physical (spirit), and these two aspects are inseparable.

A

concept of the embodied spirit

44
Q

the tangible form through which our spirit expresses itself

A

body

45
Q

Philosophers like Socrates emphasized the importance of

A

self-examination

46
Q

, it’s not enough to live but to live wisely, understanding the reasons behind our actions and beliefs. Examining life allows for growth, wisdom, and a sense of purpose.

A

self-examination

47
Q

philosophical theories

A

Hegel’s Dialectic Method and Ayn Rand’s Epistemology

48
Q

proposes that truth emerges from a dialectical process

A

hegel’s theory

49
Q

Hegel’s Dialectic Method involves

A

thesis, antithesis, and synthesis

50
Q

this method shapes ideas and knowledge through opposing viewpoints merging to form new understanding.

A

Hegel’s Dialectic Method

51
Q

focused on determining the correct method of acquiring and validating knowledge.

A

ayn rand (epistemology)

52
Q

emphasizes rationality and objective knowledge over emotional or subjective reasoning.

A

Ayn Rand’s Epistemology

53
Q

theories of truth

A

correspondence theory of truth and pragmatist theory of truth

54
Q

According to this theory, a statement is true if it corresponds to reality.

A

correspondence theory of truth

55
Q

To verify truth, one must observe whether the claim aligns with the facts of the world.

A

correspondence theory of truth

56
Q

a belief is considered true if it works effectively in practice and yields useful results.

A

pragmatist theory of truth

57
Q

This theory focuses on the practical consequences of ideas and their success in real-life applications.

A

pragmatist theory of truth

58
Q

Philosophical Views on the Environment

A

ecofeminism; environmental aesthetics; ecocentrism; anthropocentrism

59
Q

seeks to address and eradicate social injustices against women and the environment.

A

ecofeminism

60
Q

It views the exploitation of nature and the oppression of women as interconnected issues requiring holistic solutions.

A

ecofeminism

61
Q

This view emphasizes that maintaining environmental order not only brings out the natural beauty of surroundings but also contributes to the well-being of both humans and other living organisms.

A

environmental aesthetics

62
Q

places intrinsic value on the ecosystem and the biological community as a whole, rather than prioritizing human needs alone

A

ecocentrism

63
Q

This philosophical perspective promotes respect for all forms of life.

A

ecocentrism

64
Q

places humans at the center of environmental concern, focusing on human benefit.

A

anthropocentrism

65
Q

ochallenges this view, advocating that nature has its own worth independent of human use.

A

anthropocentrism

66
Q

Ecological Conscience and Responsibility involves

A

ecological conscience and sustainable practices

67
Q

begins with the awareness that human life co-exists with the entire ecosystem.

A

ecological conscience

68
Q

Understanding our interdependence with other life forms is crucial for developing

A

sustainable practices

69
Q

involves actions like simple living, practicing the 4Rs and being prudent about resource consumption.

A

ecological responsibility

70
Q

A comprehensive approach to sustainability integrates these practices into daily life.

A

sustainable practices

71
Q

what are the 4Rs

A

recycle, reuse, reduce, refuse

101PHILO (2) (8 decks)

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