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101PHILO (2) > Lesson 3: What is Philosophy > Flashcards

Lesson 3: What is Philosophy Flashcards

1
Q

The study of government, justice, rights, and the role of individuals in
society.

A

political philosophy

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2
Q

history of ancient philosophy

A

pre-socratic; classical greek; hellenistic; medieval; renaissance; modern

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3
Q

age of pre-socratic philosophy

A

6th-5th century BCE

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4
Q

age of classical greek philosophy

A

5th-4th century BCE

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5
Q

age of hellenistic philosophy

A

3rd century BCE to 3rd century CE

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6
Q

age of medieval philosophy

A

5th-15th century

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7
Q

age of renaissance philosophy

A

14th-17th century

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8
Q

age of modern philosophy

A

17th-19th entury

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9
Q

Early Greek philosophers like Thales, Anaximander, and Heraclitus focused on
natural phenomena and sought to explain the nature of the universe.

A

pre-socratic

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10
Q

philosophers during classical greek

A

socrates, plato, aristotle

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11
Q

emphasized ethics and dialectical method

A

socrates

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12
Q

founded the Academy and wrote philosophical
dialogues exploring justice, beauty, and equality

A

plato

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13
Q

wrote extensively on many subjects, including logic,
metaphysics, ethics, and politics

A

aristotle

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14
Q

plato was a

A

student of socrates

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15
Q

aristotle was a

A

student of plato

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16
Q

what schools emerged in hellenistic philosophy

A

stoicism, Epicureanism, skepticism

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17
Q

founder of stoicism

A

zeno of citium

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18
Q

founder of epicureanism

A

epicurus

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19
Q

medieval philosophy was heavily influenced by

A

christianity, judaism, islam

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20
Q

who integrated christian theology with greek philosophy

A

st. augustine and st. thomas aquinas

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21
Q

islamic philosophers during the medieval philosophers

A

avicenna and averroes

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22
Q

played key roles in preserving and
expanding upon Greek philosophy

A

Islamic philosophers Avicenna and Averroes

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23
Q

what did st. augustine and st. thomas aquinas do

A

integrated christian theology with greek philosophy

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24
Q

A renewed interest in classical philosophy and humanism emerged.

A

renaissance philosophy

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25
Q

thinkers during renaissance philosophy

A

machiavelli and erasmus

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26
Q

machiavelli and erasmus focused on

A

human nature and political theory

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27
Q

ideas in modern philosophy

A

rationalism, empiricism, enlightenment, 19th century

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28
Q

philosophers involved with rationalism

A

descartes, spinoza, leibniz

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29
Q

descartes, spinoza, leibniz emphasized

A

reason as the primary source of knowledge

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30
Q

philosophers involved with empiricism

A

john locke, george berkeley, david hume

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31
Q

john locke, george berkeley, david hume argued that

A

knowledge comes from sensory experience

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32
Q

philosopher involved with enlightenment

A

immanuel kant

33
Q

sought to reconcile rationalism and empiricism, emphasizing the role of human perception in understanding the world.

A

immanuel kant

34
Q

philosophers in the 19th century

A

hegel, marx, nietzsche

35
Q

developed a comprehensive system of philosophy known as Absolute
Idealism.

A

hegel

36
Q

hegel developed

A

absolute idealism

37
Q

focused on social and economic theory, critiquing capitalism.

A

marx

38
Q

challenged traditional morality and religion.

A

nietzsche

39
Q

encompasses a wide range of philosophies that have emerged from Asia,
with distinct traditions developing in India, China, Japan, and other regions.

A

eastern philosophy

40
Q

what is under eastern philosophy

A

indian philosophy, chinese philosophy, japanese philosophy, other traditions

41
Q

what is under indian philosophy

A

hinduism, buddhism, jainism

42
Q

Includes schools like Vedanta, which explores the nature of reality and
self, and Yoga, which emphasizes the mind-body connection.

A

hinduism

43
Q

Founded by Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha), it focuses on the Four
Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path as a way to alleviate suffering and attain
enlightenment.

A

buddhism

44
Q

Emphasizes non-violence (ahimsa), truth, and asceticism, aiming for
liberation of the soul from the cycle of rebirth.

A

jainism

45
Q

founder of buddhism

A

Siddhartha Gautama or the Buddha

46
Q

hinduism includes schools like

A

vedanta

47
Q

ahimsa means

A

non-violence

48
Q

what is under chinese philosophy

A

confucianism, daoism/taoism, legalism

49
Q

Founded by Confucius, it focuses on ethics, family loyalty, and the
importance of social harmony and moral values.

A

confucianism

50
Q

founder of confucianism

A

confucius

51
Q

emphasizes living in harmony with the Dao
(the Way), simplicity, and naturalness.

A

daoism/taoism

52
Q

daoism/taoism was founded by

A

laozi

53
Q

dao means

A

the way

54
Q

A pragmatic approach to governance that emphasizes strict laws and
harsh punishments to maintain order.

A

legalism

55
Q

what is under japanese philosophy

A

zen buddhism; shinto

56
Q
A
57
Q

A branch of Mahayana Buddhism that emphasizes meditation
and direct experience as the path to enlightenment.

A

zen buddhism

58
Q

zen buddhism is a branch of

A

mahayana buddhism

59
Q

A native spiritual tradition focusing on ritual practices and the worship of
kami (spiritual beings or gods).

A

shinto

60
Q

kami means

A

spiritual beings or gods

61
Q

they also contribute unique
perspectives, often influenced by Confucianism, Buddhism, and Daoism.

A

korean, vietnamese, and other asian philosophies

62
Q

what is under contemporary philosophy

A

analytic philosophy; continental philosophy

63
Q

Focuses on language and logical analysis, with key figures like
Bertrand Russell, Ludwig Wittgenstein, and Willard Van Orman Quine

A

analytic philosophy

64
Q

key figures of analytic philosophy

A

Bertrand Russell, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Willard Van Orman Quine.

65
Q

continental philosophy includes

A

existentialism, phenomenology, post-structuralism

66
Q

philosophers under existentialism

A

Jean-Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir

67
Q

philosophers under phenomenology

A

Edmund Husserl, Martin Heidegger

68
Q

philosophers under post-structuralism

A

Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida

69
Q

why is there a need to philosophize

A

critical thinking; questioning assumptions; ethical reflection; clarity of thought; metaphysical exploration; self-understanding; cultural insights; resolving conflicts; guidance in life; advancing knowledge

70
Q

Philosophy encourages examining beliefs and ideas from different perspectives.

A

critical thinking

71
Q

Philosophy helps challenge our assumptions and encourages us to be open to new ideas

A

questioning assumptions

72
Q

Philosophy assists in thinking about what is right or wrong and making better
decisions.

A

ethical reflection

73
Q

Philosophy improves how we express complex ideas clearly and precisely

A

clarity of thought

74
Q

Philosophy explores deep questions about existence, reality, and the universe.

A

metaphysical exploration

75
Q

Philosophical reflection helps you understand your own values, beliefs, and
motivations better.

A

self-understanding

76
Q

Exploring philosophical ideas related to culture and history helps you understand
different cultures and perspectives better.

A

cultural insights

77
Q

Philosophical methods help in resolving disagreements by encouraging rational
discussion and understanding.

A

resolving conflicts

78
Q

Philosophical frameworks offer principles and guidance for navigating life’s challenges.

A

guidance in life

79
Q

Philosophy helps advance human knowledge by exploring fundamental questions and
encouraging curiosity

A

advancing knowledge

101PHILO (2) (8 decks)

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