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101PHILO (2) > Lesson 2: Branches of Philosophy > Flashcards

Lesson 2: Branches of Philosophy Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 5 branches of philosophy

A

metaphysics, ethics, epistemology, aesthetics, and logic

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2
Q

the part of philosophy that is concerned with the basic causes and nature of things.

A

metaphysics

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3
Q

Is really only an extension of a fundamental and necessary drive in every human being to know
what is real.

A

metaphysics

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4
Q

what is a very big part of a metaphysician’s task

A

explain that part of our experience which we call unreal in terms of what we call real

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5
Q

The study of reality or what is real

A

metaphysics

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6
Q

The study of the most general aspects of reality, such as substance, identity, the nature of mind,
and free will.

A

metaphysics

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7
Q

It is a study of nature and the nature of the world in which man lives.

A

metaphysics

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8
Q

It encompasses everything that exists, as well as the nature of existence itself.

A

metaphysics

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9
Q

It says whether the
world is real, or merely an illusion.

A

metaphysics

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10
Q

It is a fundamental view of the world around us.

A

metaphysics

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11
Q

plato was

A

socrates’ most famous student

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12
Q

a good example of a metaphysician who draws the
sharpest possible contrast between reality and appearance

A

plato

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13
Q

what does plato say about what we experience

A

nothing we experience in the physical world with our five senses in real

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14
Q

according to plato, what is reality

A

it is unchanging, eternal, immaterial, and can be detected only by intellect

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15
Q

what does plato call these realities detected only by intellect

A

ideas of forms

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16
Q

what did plato create in relation to metaphysics

A

plato’s cave

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17
Q

according to plato’s cave, those who are destitute of philosophy may be compared to

A

prisoners in a cave who are only able to look in one direction because they are bound

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18
Q

what else is in plato’s cave

A

a fire behind them and a wall in front. between them and the wall, there is nothing

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19
Q

what do the prisoner’s in plato’s cave see

A

shadows of themselves and objects behind them casted on the way by the light of the fire

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20
Q

the study of the good or human action

A

ethics

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21
Q

explores the nature of moral virtue and evaluates human actions.

A

ethics

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22
Q

what questions does ethics answer

A

how do we tell good from bad? and right from wrong?

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23
Q

a study of the nature of moral judgements

A

ethics

24
Q

Philosophical ethics attempts to provide an
account of our

A

fundamental ethical ideas

25
Q

religion has often

A

motivated individuals to obey the moral codes of their society

26
Q

how is religion different from philosophy in terms of ethics

A

it is not content with traditional or habitual ethics but adopts a critical perspective

27
Q

what impact did socrates have on ethics

A

we transitioned from traditional religion-based morality to philosophical ethics

28
Q

what terms are inseparably connected/associated with

A

values, morals, and ethics

29
Q

are what we learn from childhood; the ‘stuff’ we grasp from our parents and our
environments.

A

values

30
Q

are the fundamental beliefs established from the value systems of how we
should act in any certain condition.

A

morals

31
Q

are how we act in the aspect of
complicated situations that check our moral character.

A

ethics

32
Q

what is the importance of ethics (and values, morals, and ethics)

A

the rules in a civil or unprejudiced society; we use them to guide our dealing with others and with our friends and family, businesses, and professionally

33
Q

the study of knowledge and what we can know

A

epistemology

34
Q

epistemology deals with the

A

nature, sources, limitations, and validity of knowledge

35
Q

the study of our method of acquiring knowledge.

A

epistemology

36
Q

philosophical questions asked in epistemology

A

what is knowledge; what is truth; when did knowledge originate; how do we learn; how do we know what we claim to know; how can we find out what we wish to know; how can we differentiate truth from falsehood

37
Q

importance of epistemology

A

distinguish truth from error; consequences are obvious; flaws in epistemology make it harder to accomplish anything

38
Q

studies the principles of reasoning and valid argumentation.

A

logic

39
Q

deals with the structure of
valid arguments and the rules of inference.

A

logic

40
Q

logic comes from

A

the greek word logike

41
Q

what does logike mean

A

the science or art of reasoning

42
Q

logic was coined by

A

zeno, the stoic (c. 340-265 BC)

43
Q

it means a treatise on matters pertaining to the human thought

A

logic (etymologically)

44
Q

what does logic not do

A

it does not provide knowledge of the world directly for it is considered as a tool

45
Q

logic does not

A

contribute directly to the content of our thoughts

46
Q

logic is not interested in

A

what we know regarding certain subjects

47
Q

what is the concern of logic

A

the truth or the validity of our arguments regarding such subjects

48
Q

the science of the beautiful in its various manifestations including the sublime

A

aesthetic

49
Q

It is relating to art and beauty.

A

aesthetic

50
Q

very beautiful or good: strong feelings of admiration or wonder; complete or strong),comic, tragic,
pathetic, and ugly.

A

aesthetic

51
Q

when humanity has learned how to make something that is useful to them,

A

they begin to plan and dream how to make it beautiful

52
Q

importance of aesthetics

A

it vitalizes our knowledge; it makes our knowledge of the world alive and useful; it helps us live more deeply and richly; it brings us in touch with our culture

53
Q

he argues that our tastes and judgement regarding
beauty, work in connection with one’s own personal experience and culture

A

hans-george gadamer

54
Q

hans-george gadamer is a

A

german philosopher

55
Q

gadamer believes that

A

our culture consists of values and beliefs of our time and society, thats why dialog or conversation is important in interpreting works of art

101PHILO (2) (5 decks)

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