Lesson 2: Branches of Philosophy Flashcards
what are the 5 branches of philosophy
metaphysics, ethics, epistemology, aesthetics, and logic
the part of philosophy that is concerned with the basic causes and nature of things.
metaphysics
Is really only an extension of a fundamental and necessary drive in every human being to know
what is real.
metaphysics
what is a very big part of a metaphysician’s task
explain that part of our experience which we call unreal in terms of what we call real
The study of reality or what is real
metaphysics
The study of the most general aspects of reality, such as substance, identity, the nature of mind,
and free will.
metaphysics
It is a study of nature and the nature of the world in which man lives.
metaphysics
It encompasses everything that exists, as well as the nature of existence itself.
metaphysics
It says whether the
world is real, or merely an illusion.
metaphysics
It is a fundamental view of the world around us.
metaphysics
plato was
socrates’ most famous student
a good example of a metaphysician who draws the
sharpest possible contrast between reality and appearance
plato
what does plato say about what we experience
nothing we experience in the physical world with our five senses in real
according to plato, what is reality
it is unchanging, eternal, immaterial, and can be detected only by intellect
what does plato call these realities detected only by intellect
ideas of forms
what did plato create in relation to metaphysics
plato’s cave
according to plato’s cave, those who are destitute of philosophy may be compared to
prisoners in a cave who are only able to look in one direction because they are bound
what else is in plato’s cave
a fire behind them and a wall in front. between them and the wall, there is nothing
what do the prisoner’s in plato’s cave see
shadows of themselves and objects behind them casted on the way by the light of the fire
the study of the good or human action
ethics
explores the nature of moral virtue and evaluates human actions.
ethics
what questions does ethics answer
how do we tell good from bad? and right from wrong?
a study of the nature of moral judgements
ethics
Philosophical ethics attempts to provide an
account of our
fundamental ethical ideas
religion has often
motivated individuals to obey the moral codes of their society
how is religion different from philosophy in terms of ethics
it is not content with traditional or habitual ethics but adopts a critical perspective
what impact did socrates have on ethics
we transitioned from traditional religion-based morality to philosophical ethics
what terms are inseparably connected/associated with
values, morals, and ethics
are what we learn from childhood; the ‘stuff’ we grasp from our parents and our
environments.
values
are the fundamental beliefs established from the value systems of how we
should act in any certain condition.
morals
are how we act in the aspect of
complicated situations that check our moral character.
ethics
what is the importance of ethics (and values, morals, and ethics)
the rules in a civil or unprejudiced society; we use them to guide our dealing with others and with our friends and family, businesses, and professionally
the study of knowledge and what we can know
epistemology
epistemology deals with the
nature, sources, limitations, and validity of knowledge
the study of our method of acquiring knowledge.
epistemology
philosophical questions asked in epistemology
what is knowledge; what is truth; when did knowledge originate; how do we learn; how do we know what we claim to know; how can we find out what we wish to know; how can we differentiate truth from falsehood
importance of epistemology
distinguish truth from error; consequences are obvious; flaws in epistemology make it harder to accomplish anything
studies the principles of reasoning and valid argumentation.
logic
deals with the structure of
valid arguments and the rules of inference.
logic
logic comes from
the greek word logike
what does logike mean
the science or art of reasoning
logic was coined by
zeno, the stoic (c. 340-265 BC)
it means a treatise on matters pertaining to the human thought
logic (etymologically)
what does logic not do
it does not provide knowledge of the world directly for it is considered as a tool
logic does not
contribute directly to the content of our thoughts
logic is not interested in
what we know regarding certain subjects
what is the concern of logic
the truth or the validity of our arguments regarding such subjects
the science of the beautiful in its various manifestations including the sublime
aesthetic
It is relating to art and beauty.
aesthetic
very beautiful or good: strong feelings of admiration or wonder; complete or strong),comic, tragic,
pathetic, and ugly.
aesthetic
when humanity has learned how to make something that is useful to them,
they begin to plan and dream how to make it beautiful
importance of aesthetics
it vitalizes our knowledge; it makes our knowledge of the world alive and useful; it helps us live more deeply and richly; it brings us in touch with our culture
he argues that our tastes and judgement regarding
beauty, work in connection with one’s own personal experience and culture
hans-george gadamer
hans-george gadamer is a
german philosopher
gadamer believes that
our culture consists of values and beliefs of our time and society, thats why dialog or conversation is important in interpreting works of art
