Lesson 3- Types of Long Term Memory

Question 1

What are the two categories of LTM & what do they mean?

Answer 1

2 Categories of LTM:

1) Explicit (declarative)- easily described
2) Implicit (non-declarative)- ✖️ easily described

Question 2

What are the 3 types of LTM?

Answer 2

1) Episodic Memory
2) Semantic Memory
3) Procedural Memory

Question 3

What is Episodic Memory?

Answer 3

Episodic Memory- ‘episodes’ or events- holiday e.g.
— Explicit- conscious
— Personal experiences recorded
— Emotions 😭 are coded
— Seen in right prefrontal cortex
— Memory stored with reference to time & place unlike semantic
— Helps ppl distinguish between real & imaginative events
- stored in hippocampus

Question 4

What is Semantic Memory?

Answer 4

Semantic Memory- knowledge about the 🌎 – capitals
— Explicit- conscious
— Facts, concepts, meanings
— Better sustained over time than episodic ones
— Seen in left prefrontal cortex
—✖️ recall when we learnt/encoded memory unlike episodic
— Linked with episodic LTMs because new knowledge normally learned from experiences
- stored in temporal lobe

Question 5

What is Procedural Memory?

Answer 5

Procedural Memory- skills- driving a 🚗 e.g.
— Implicit- unconscious
— Perform learnt motor skills with little conscious thought e.g. 🚗, 🚶‍♂‍, dressing- allows ppl- simultaneously perform other cognitive 🧠 tasks that need attention
— Speaking language with correct grammar etc- shows how procedural & semantic memories work together
- stored in cerebellum (balance and co-ordination)

Question 6

What are the evaluation points of types of LTM?

Answer 6

👎- LTM gender differences- Herlitz et al (1997)- 1000 Swedish pps- 👩 performed better on tasks needing episodic LTM BUT ✖️ gender differences in semantic LTM- possibly due to better female emotional 😭 abilities
👍- supported by case studies- H.M & Clive Wearing- both had impaired episodic memories BUT could still learn new skills (procedural memory ✅) & semantic memory was also ✅- … LTM- different stores in different parts of 🧠
👎- ✖️ generalise because:
1) support comes from individuals … difficult to generalise to everyone- everybody different
2) 👩 have better episodic memories than 👨 … ✖️ generalise
👍- 🧠 scans (PET scans) show the different types of LTM in different parts 🧠- semantic (left prefrontal cortex & episodic right prefrontal cortex- finding well replicated … results reliable