Lesson 2- Models of Memory Flashcards
What are the two models of memory?
1) Multi-store Model (MSM)
2) Working Memory Model (WMM)
Who came up with the Multi-store Model and when did they come up with it?
Atkinson & Shiffrin (1968)
How does the Multi-store Model show memory?
Memory involves flow of info- series of stages- fixed sequence
What are the 3 Unitary Stores according to the MSM?
1) Sensory Register/Memory
2) Short term memory (STM)
3) Long term memory (LTM)
Describe the Multi-store Model (all 3 parts)
Part 1- Sensory Memory:
Info detected by sense organs (👀👂etc) & enters sensory memory
If info paid attention to then enters STM
Part 2- STM:
Info can be recalled whilst in STM BUT for limited time only (30 seconds max)
✖️ rehearsal = info forgotten from STM via decay
Part 3- LTM:
Info transferred to LTM from STM via prolonged rehearsal (maintenance or elaborative)
Info recalled from LTM (permanent memory store) via retrieval process
What are the 2 types of rehearsal & state what they are?
Maintenance Rehearsal- mental 🧠 repetition of material
Elaborate Rehearsal- material given meaning
What is the capacity, duration & coding of the sensory register/memory?
Capacity: Unlimited
Duration: ¼ of a second (250 milliseconds)
Coding: Depends on sense
What is the capacity, duration & coding of the STM?
Capacity: 7+-2 items (5-9)
Duration: 18-30 seconds
Coding: Acoustic
What is the capacity, duration & coding of the LTM?
Capacity: Unlimited
Duration: Lifetime
Coding: Semantic
What is the role of the sensory register/memory?
Stores sensory 👀 👂 👃 etc info from environment for short period of ⏰
Constantly receive info from senses- majority ✖️ attention … decays
What are the 5 sensory stores and what sensory info do they accommodate?
1) Iconic store 👀- visual images kept- short period
2) Echoic store 👂- auditory senses kept- short period
3) Haptic store 💪 – touch/muscle tensions kept- short period
4) Gustatory store 👅- taste info kept- short period
5) Olfactory store 👃- smell info kept- short period
Who provided evidence for the sensory register/memory?
Sperling (1960)
What was the method of Sperling’s experiment?
Method:
Pps shown grid (3 rows of 4 letters) for 50 milliseconds
Pps had to immediately recall whole grid or a randomly chosen row
What were the results of Sperling’s experiment?
Results:
Average recall- 75% not matter the row
What was the conclusion of Sperling’s experiment?
Conclusion:
Pps ✖️ know which row would be selected BUT still recall ⬆️ (75%)- shows entire grid remembered- shows sensory registers large capacity
