Lesson 1: LTM & STM Flashcards
Define Memory
Memory- process by which info encoded, stored & retrieved
Define STM
STM- stores & allows recall of info- 18-30 seconds (without rehearsal)- capacity limited
Define LTM
LTM- stores & recall info- distant past- capacity unlimited- duration lifetime
Define Capacity
Capacity- how much info held/stored
Define Coding
Coding- form in which info stored in memory
Define Duration
Duration- how long info stored/lasts
Who investigated STM duration and when?
Peterson & Peterson (1959)- STM Duration
What did Peterson & Peterson do in their study?
1) 24 pps presented with consonant trigrams e.g. ZFB
2) Asked to count backwards- ✖️ rehearsal of consonant trigram
3) Counted back for 3,6,9,12,15,18 seconds & then repeat trigram
4) Repeated using other trigrams
What were Peterson & Peterson’s results?
90% remembered after 3 seconds
20% after 9 seconds
⬇️ than 10% after 18 seconds
What did Peterson & Peterson conclude?
Info decays rapidly when ✖️ rehearsed
Initially concluded- 18 second max duration
Later concluded- 18-30 second max duration
What were the evaluation points to Peterson & Peterson’s study?
👎- trigrams unrealistic to remember… ⬇️ ecological validity- findings ✖️ apply to everyday life
👍- lab 🧪 experiment- good control of variables … can be replicated to test reliability of results
👍- confusion created among earlier trigrams … results gained from forgetting or confusion
Who investigated LTM duration and when?
Bahrick et al (1975)- LTM Duration
What did Bahrick et al do?
1) 400 🇺🇸 pps- remember former classmates
2) Identify pics, matching names to pics & recall names without picture cue
What were Bahrick et al’s results?
70% accuracy when linking names & faces
30% accuracy with free call of names
What did Bahrick et al conclude?
Suggests LTM duration of lifetime (still remembered after 30-50 years)
All info ✖️ immediately accessible- pps required cues to trigger info stored in LTM
Recall ⬆️ with cues
