Lesson 3 - Philosophical Views of Man Flashcards
Philosophy begins with a sense of wonder. A man wonders at 3 main things. What are these?
- God
- World
- His/her very being
Know thyself is said by who?
Socrates
He thought that postulating on human matters is what a true philosopher should do.
Socrates
It comes from two Greek words, “Philo” and “Sophos,” which mean love of wisdom.
Philosophy
It is a search for meaning. It is a quest.
Philosophy
Philo
Love
Sophos
Wisdom
This is a system of beliefs about reality
Philosophy
It is one’s integrated view of the world
Philosophy
It includes an understanding of the nature of existence, man, and his role in the world
Philosophy
It is a necessary product of man’s rational mind
Philosophy
According to (Zulueta, 2010) this makes man think about the basic foundations of his outlook in life, his knowledge, and his beliefs.
Philosophy
Philosophy enables us to _____ ourselves better
understand
Philosophy helps us understand others; our _____
fellowmen
Philosophy helps us understand others’ ways of _____
thinking
Philosophy helps us understand the _____ and our place and role in it
world
Philosophy helps us understand the significance, meaning, value, and finality of _____
human life
Philosophy helps us know and understand _____ in his nature, essence, activities, and attributes
God
Philosophy enables us to understand all things in their ultimate causes, reasons, and principles through our _____
reasoning faculty
This advocates specifically that man is a composite of two elements: Body and Soul (mind)
Dualism
All _____ is separate and distinct. Individuals are clearly different from the concept of supreme self, i.e. _____ and _____ are two distinct entities, and upon the death of the _____ the _____ remains a distinct entity.
existence; body; soul; body; soul
The Christians led by _____ and _____ would disagree with any of the two-mentioned dualistic views on the composition of man.
St. Augustine; St. Thomas
Using the Scripture as basis, [St. Augustine and St. Thomas] believe that a man is a tripartite being: _____, _____ and _____. (Trinity)
body; sould; spirit
This is the outer part of man, which one can sensibly perceive. Through it, he can have contact with the world around him.
Body
This is the inner part of man, which cannot be seen. It consists of three parts: the mind, the emotions and the will.
Soul
The soul consists of three parts. What are they?
The mind, the emotions, and the will
This is the innermost part of man by which he can commune with God. This core self is believed to be the temple of God.
Spirit
This is the essential part of man’s nature, the heart of all human life.
Spirit
This holds that man is only one simple element.
Monism
Man is purely spiritual.
Idealistic monism
Advocates of this idea were the ancient Hindus.
Idealistic monism
This argues that only the body is real.
Materialist monism
The idea of the spirit is only an illusion.
Materialist monism
Mind and body are distinct and non-identical entities.
Dualism
Mind and body are manifestations of a single substance.
Monism
A concrete individual substance endowed by reason.
Man is a person
The human person is a unity of differentiated dimensions. A union of body, soul, spirit.
Man is a substantial unity
Because of his rational nature man is endowed with: intelligence to understand the world freedom to self-govern in the world.
Man is an autonomous being
Man is a rational being. He is open to himself and to others.
Man is a social being
The human person possesses dignity that has no price but value (Immanuel Kant).
Man possesses dignity and rights
What are the characteristics of man that point to his dignity?
intelligence, freedom, and love
Man is defined by traditional scholastic philosophy as a _____, or as a composite of _____, and _____.
rational animal; body; soul
Under the aspect of _____, he is like any other animal, a substance, mortal, subject to limitation of time and space.
body
Under the aspect of _____, he is gifted with the power of reason free and immortal.
soul
He is a foremost subjectivity, a unique core or center, source, depth, well spring of initiative and meaning.
Man as Embodied Subjectivity
As embodied subject, man is being in the world. The human body is the link of man with the world.
The things around man are structures that articulate a meaning proceeding from the subjectivity of man.
Man as Being in the World
The world of man is not just the world of thins but also the world of fellowman.
Man as Being-with: the interhuman and the Social
It is the I-Thou relationship (Martin Buber) in contrast to the I-It relationship.
interhuman
Aristotle characterizes man as “_____” This refers to the social nature of man, social is not something that one enters into by contract to achieve some common aim.
political animal
Who characterized man as a “political animal?”
Aristotle
The final aim of education is becoming what?
a person
The final aim of education is becoming a person.
Person is the task of becoming oneself. And it consists in integration, in becoming whole, in unifying his diverse activities of speaking, thinking, willing and feeling.
Man as a person and his crowning activity is love which presupposes justice
The commitment to love presupposes justice, the true foundation of _____.
social order
_____ as the enhancement of the other person requires giving to the other his due, his basic dignity as a person.
Love
Love is the _____ of justice, justice is the _____ of love.
maximum; minimum
