Culture and Values Flashcards
These are principles, morals, standards, and ideals that we consider dear and precious in our life.
Values
Kinds of values
- Biological values
- Social values
- Rational values
- Absolute moral values
- Cultural values
Set of values that are first formed in the child, from the moment of inception of consciousness until the age of 12.
Primary values
They define one’s sense of values: what is right or wrong, what is beautiful or unappealing.
Primary values
Values that are formed as the person gets more mature and interacts with society. These are borne out of deliberate choices.
Secondary values
These can change as the person gathers objective proof for or against one’s current scale of values.
Secondary values
The sum total ways built up by a group of human beings (skills, beliefs and knowledge) and transmitted from generation to another.
Culture
… complex whole that includes knowledge, beliefs, arts, work, laws, customs, and any other capabilities acquired by man as a member of society.
Culture
…the composite or learned behaviors, attitudes, beliefs, ideals, and values held by a particular society.
Culture
Is the culmination of local factors and outside influences that have had varied degrees of impact on the people throughout the last many centuries.
Filipino culture
Filipino are believers in religion.
They believe so much in supernatural powers and viewed themselves as only a speck in this wide universe.
Success is considered a blessing from above, as a result of good luck and faith.
Belief system
Cultural values are shared assumptions of what is right, good, or important.
Guide man’s behavior and action as he related himself in most situations in life.
Can best be seen from the aspects of personal and social relationships.
Value system
Three aims which motivates and controls the Filipino behavior
- Social acceptance
- Economic security
- Social mobility
“being taken by one’s fellows for what one is, or believes he is, and being treated in accordance with his status”
Social acceptance
“the ability to meet ordinary material needs without borrowing; that is through one’s own resources or those of his own segment”
Economic security
“advancement up the social class, to another class, perhaps, or to a higher position within the class of which one is a member”
Social mobility
These are universal human values that took on a distinctively Filipino flavor, meaning or application, best expressed in a native language.
Filipino values
These are said to be centered at maintaining social harmony and social acceptance and on the ideals
Filipino values
Jaime Bulatao’s four basic Filipino values
- Emotional closeness and security in a family
- Authority Value (approval from authority and of society)
- Economic and social betterment
- Patience, suffering, and endurance
The Filipinos are noted for manifesting close ties in the family.
Emotional closeness and security in a family
Authority figures must be respected and obeyed within limits.
Authority value (approval from authority and of society)
Refers to the desire to raise the standard of living of one’s family. Often this involves repayment of debt of gratitude to parents and relatives.
Economic and social betterment
Associated with values related to spirituality, as individuals seem to call to God when other means fail.
Patience, suffering, and endurance
It means being agreeable even under difficult circumstances and keeping quiet or out of sight when discretion passes the word.
Smooth interpersonal relationship
A faculty at getting along with others in such a way as to avoid outward signs of conflict.
Smooth interpersonal relationship
Three ways to retain SIR
- Pakikisama
- Euphemisms
- Go-between
Whether agreeing or not, it is to go along with someone’s view.
“giving in”
“following the lead or suggestion of another”
concession.
Pakikisama
Stating an unpleasant truth, opinion, or request as pleasantly as possible.
Euphemism
This is the involvement of a third party to avoid shame when asking a favor or request.
“is used preventively in several common situations: embarrassing request, complaint, or decision is often communicated through a middle-man, to avoid the shame (hiya) of a face-to-face encounter”
Go-between
Filipino values tend to be _____, in the sense that they have the potential to work for good or evil.
ambivalent
It is a technique of reciprocity of debt of gratitude to others within the family circle or primary group, sometimes unlimited in nature, emotional rather than financial or rational.
Utang-na-loob
Controls a large extent the behavior of the individual. Dependent of others will think, say, and do. Because of this, a Filipino cannot say “no” even if it is against his will to do what is requested.
Hiya
A common expression among Filipinos and this rest on the fatalistic outlook and strong dependence on the “spirits” who will take care of everything if they are really meant for a person.
Bahala na
refers to pakikiramay or to the Filipino’s ability to empathize with others.
Pakikipagkapwa tao
Concern for the family is shown by the Filipino’s high regard accorded to the elderly, the care given to women and children, sympathy towards relatives and sacrifices they endure for their family’s well-being.
Family oriented
Ability to laugh even in the worst circumstances
Sense of humor
Prosperity to improvise new systems and products out of whatever resources are available. His flexibility makes him easily adaptable to the foreign work environment.
Flexibility, Adaptability, Creativity
Filipinos’ willingness to take risks also stubborn will “(“pag may gusto may paraan”) and effort to survive in the most challenging times.
Hard work and industry
Strong faith in God gives a strong moral conscience.
Spirituality
Filipinos can survive and live through the most challenging economic and political situations.
Ability to survive
Pakiusap (request,), palakasan (power and influence), nepotism and favoritism. This leads to graft and corruption.
Extreme personalism
Families go to extreme measure to protect their members.
Extreme family centeredness
Filipino time
Palusot syndrome
Pwede na iyan syndrome
Ningas cogon
Manana habit or mamaya na habit or saka na iyan attitude
Lack of Discipline
Crab mentality
Kanya-kanya syndrome
The Filipino’s emphasis on form rather than substance misleads them into believing that impossible things can be or are already made possible.
Flowery but meaningless arguments and assumptions.
Lack of self-analysis & self-reflection
