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SYSTEMIC PATHOLOGY > LESSON 3: PATHOLOGY OF HEMOPOIETIC SYSTEM > Flashcards

LESSON 3: PATHOLOGY OF HEMOPOIETIC SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

indicated variable shaped rbc in circulation & reresent an admixture of abnormally shaped rbc

A

poikilocytosis

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2
Q

red cells w/ 3-12 spicules of uneven length & disorder in lipid metabolism

A

acanthocytes

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3
Q

occur in fibrotic states of the marrow, hemolytic anemia & result of certain drugs. Origin is in removing red cell inclusion

A

dacryocytes

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4
Q

developed from excess membrane or decrease in hemoglobin that result in in a relative membrane increase,

A

codocytes

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5
Q

codocytes is associated with?

A

hemoglobinopathies
iron deficiency anemia
obstructive liver disease
cirrhosis

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6
Q

seen in which membrane is increased following a decrease in hemoglobin

A

leptocyte & microcytes

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7
Q

results from premature released of red cells usually in period of erythropoietic stress like in hemolytic anemia & hyperthyroidism

A

macrocytes

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8
Q

results from membrane damage & usual mechanism involves trapping of red cells in the circulation by fibrin

A

schizocytes

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9
Q

schizocytes are common in

A

vascular disease
disseminated intravascular coagulation
thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

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10
Q

this indicates red cells w/ increased central thickness & is recognized in peripheral blood smears by high staining of centers of cell w/ pale staining periphery, nit truly spherical until prior to lysis

A

spheroccytosis

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11
Q

what are the major causes of spheroccytosis?

A
  1. membrane depletion
  2. accelerated red cell aging
  3. immunohemolytic anemia
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12
Q

this indicates red cells w/ variable form from spherical to almost red-like in circulation

A

elliptocytosis

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13
Q

disorder of red cell mass can be defined as?

A

hematologic alterations

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14
Q

polyctheimia indicates an increased in red cell mass & appropriately called

A

erythrocytosis

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15
Q

is defined as reduction below normal of the number of red cells or hemoglobin concentration / unit volume

A

anemia

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16
Q

what are the 3 general causes of anemia?

A
  1. blood loss
  2. rbc destruction or lysis
  3. decreased rbc production
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17
Q

indicates hemorrhage or hemolysis, the hallmark of this is reticulocytosis except in horses which is evident as olychroma on a routinely stained blood smear.

A

regenerative anemia

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18
Q

what is the major causes non-generative anemia?

A

hypoplasia & aplasia

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19
Q

where does rbc & leukocyte arise from?

A

pluripotential hematopoietic cells

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20
Q

this comprises the leukocytes carried in the circulation

A

circulating pool

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21
Q

comprises the leukocytes that are present at the periphery of blood vessels

A

marginal pool

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22
Q

leukocytes which are present at the bone marrow awaiting for differentiation & release, including lymhoid tissues such as lymph nodes & spleen

A

marrow pool

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23
Q

bone marrow produces:

A
  1. platelets
  2. erythrocytes
  3. granulocytes
  4. monocytes
  5. bursa equivalent of b. lymphocytes
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24
Q

increased production of various cell lines which occurs frequently in response to demands or changes the other parts of the body,

A

Hyperplasia

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25
Q

refers to the general reduction in the amount of cells produced in the bone marrow that are in circulation. This response is generally that of marrow aplasia.

A

Pancytopenia

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26
Q

what are the viral disease that causes marrow depression?

A
  1. parvovirus enteric infection (dogs & cat)
  2. female leukemia virus infection
  3. erhlichiosis
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27
Q

what are the drugs that causes marrow depression?

A
  1. phenylbutazone
  2. estrogenic drugs
  3. phytotxicities
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28
Q

is the abnormal proliferation of fibroblast in the marrow cavity

A

myelofibrosis

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29
Q

is a term used of to describe the metastasis of neoplastic cells to the bone marrow.

A

myelopthisis

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30
Q

refers to a peripheral disorder associated w/ faulty maturation, development, & cell division involving one or all of the marrow cell line.

A

myelodyplasia & dysmyelopoieis

31
Q

myelodyplasia & dysmyelopoieis is basically the presence of ?

A

abnormal stem cells in the marrow which may or not progress into neoplasia

32
Q

what are the changes include in myelodyplasia & dysmyelopoieis?

A
  1. abnormal morphology of marrow cells’
  2. presence f last cells in circulation
  3. infiltration of extramedullary tissues
33
Q

refers to the abnormal proliferations of marrow cell lines & may include myelodysplasia & neoplasia

A

myeloproliferative disorder

34
Q

this are usually characterized by the presence of leukemia

A

myeloproliferative neoplasm

35
Q

infiltration of neoplastic cells into other tissue can occur w/ enlargement of the?

A

liver & spleen

36
Q

inflammation of lymph nodes, this is common in most septicemic disease condition,

A

Lymphadenitis

37
Q

the lesion that account for the swelling in lymhadenitis is a combination of?

A

serous exudate + proliferation of lymhoid + reticular tissue

38
Q

if the agent involved in lymphadenitis is a pyogenic bacteria, the exudate will be?

A

purulent & sinuses will contain numerous neutrophils

39
Q

in nodes draining areas of inflammation, this include follicular hyperplasia, paracortical & medullary cord are often packed w/ plasma cells

A

lymphoid hyperplasia

40
Q

the most common being lymphosarcoma reduction in the size of lymph nodes

A

neoplasia

41
Q

3 conditions that causes a reduction in the size of the lymph nodes

A
  1. senile atrophy
  2. immunodeficiency disease
  3. lymphoid exhaustion
42
Q

this is part of aging process

A

senile atrophy

43
Q

common findings of this _____ includes lack of germinal centers & paracortical T-cells even absence of lymph nodes

A

immunodeficiency disease

44
Q

this reduction in size of lymph nodes has following chronic infection w/ destruction of lymphoid tissue. It’s characterized by hypocellularity of the cortex & medulla

A

lymphoid exhaustion

45
Q

this constitutes the single largest component of the reticuloendothelial system

A

spleen

46
Q

spleen performs numerous function including:

A
  1. hematopoiesis
  2. iron metabolism
  3. infiltration
  4. removal of intracytoplasmic inclusions
  5. serves as very large reservoir of blood
  6. carries various immunologic functions
47
Q

both refer to a localized enlargement of the spleen

A

localized splenomegaly or splenic mass

48
Q

splenic mass are either:

A
  1. neoplastic
  2. non-neoplastic
49
Q

this is due to splenitis & enlargement is due to an increase in the number of lymphocytes, reticuloendothelial cells, neutrophillic granulocytes & erythrocytes

A

inflammatpry & infectious splenomegaly

50
Q

what are the changes that accompany splenitis ?

A
  1. lymphoretocular hyperplasia
  2. hematogenous infiltration w/ inflammatory cells
51
Q

this can be classified as _______ when the predominating cell type is the neutrophil

A

suppurative splenitis

52
Q

what are the common causes of suppurative splentis :

A
  1. septicemic infections w/ pyogenic bacteria
  2. bacterial infection secondary to torsion
  3. protozoal infection like (toxoplasmosis)
  4. mycobacterial infection (tuberculosis
53
Q

this can be classified as _____ when necrosis predominates; common cause are b gas forming anaerobes, salmonella & viral disease like canine hepatitis & splenic infarction

A

necrotizing splenitis

54
Q

this can be classified as _______ when eosinophilic predominates; this can be observed in hypereosinphilic syndromes in dogs & cats

A

eosinophilic splenitis

55
Q

this can be classified as _______ when lymphocytes & plasma cells predominates; occur in association w subacute & chronic disorders

A

lymphoplasmacytic splenitis

56
Q

this can be classified as ________ when the predominant cell types are macrophages, epithelial cells, lymphocytes & giant cell

A

granulomatous splenitis

57
Q

granulomatous splenitis occur in>

A

systemic mycosis & some bacterial infections

58
Q

the enlargement is due to hyperlasia of the reticuloendothelial & lymphoid components; this condition is associated w/ hemolytic disorder including hemolytic anemia & drug induced hemolysis

A

hyperplastic splenomegaly

59
Q

the spleen has great capacity to store blood between how many percent if the total blood volume?

A

10-20%

60
Q

what are the conditions that cause splenomegaly?

A
  1. Tranquilizers & anesthetics
  2. portal hyertension
61
Q

barbiturates & increase blood pooling by relaxing the smooth muscle of the splenic capsule resulting to the pooling of blood

A

tranquilizers & anesthetics

62
Q

this is the result of right sided congestive heart failure, obstruction of caudal venacava by neoplasia or worms

A

portal heypertension

63
Q

the enlargement is due to infiltration of the spleen w/ neoplastic cells, splenic extramedullary hematopoiesis & amyloid

A

infiltrative splenomegaly

64
Q

spleen that is affected in __________ & in which the amyloid is deposited in the Malpighian corpuscles which appear in cross section as gray translucent bodies resembling grains of sago

A

amyloid degeneration

65
Q

this is congenital & acquired defect of the diaphragm result to displacement of the spleen. However, no vascular engorgement occur that differentiate this condition to splenic torsion.

A

dystopia

66
Q

these are nodules or masses of splenic tissue seeded in the omentumj which may be due to congenital defects or following trauma. It’s an indicator of previous soft tissue injury

A

Accessory spleen

67
Q

common in small animals & result from trauma, may result to death due to massive hemorrhage,

A

rupture of spleen

68
Q

if the rupture of spleen may heals, extra-splenic tissue may be found scattered in the ?

A

mesenteries & omentum

69
Q

is a part of senile change, may observe in animals which dies in hemorrhage.

A

atrophy

70
Q

in atrophy what is the texture of spleen?

A

dry & may have fibrous texture

71
Q

what are the 2 pigments that may accumulate as subscapular yellow pigmented calcareous bodies (plaques/Gamma-Gandy bodies) no pathologic significance except in an indication of previous hemorrhage

A
  1. Hemosiderin
  2. Calcium
72
Q

is a lobular composite organ of epithelial & lymphoid tissues, it reaches maximum development depending on the species.

A

Thymus

73
Q

on the epithelial cells of thymus it forms?

A

medullary cores

74
Q

in thymus lymphocytes form?

A

cortices

SYSTEMIC PATHOLOGY (9 decks)

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