Lesson: 1a Ebook Flashcards
inability of the heart to maintain adequate circulation
Heart failure
heart failure occurs when?
when blood returning to the heart cannot be pumped out at a rate sufficient to meet the metabolic demand of the body
refers to sudden significant loss of cardiac function
acute heart failure
what are the causes of heart failure?
- Myocardial necrosis
- Infarction
- lesions that interrupt the conduction pathways
- Myocarditis
- Tamponade
- Cardiomyopathy
what condition is associated w/ regurgitation blood flow in the heart?
Shunted blood flows from congenital defects
Cardiac tamponade & massive internal hemorrhage are consequences of?
valvular stenosis
what is the common cause of cardiomyopathy in cat?
Taurine deficiency
this tumor can affect not only the heart but all other vital organs such as, lungs, brain, liver, spleen, kidneys, bone marrow
Cardiac hamngiosarcoma
what are the common cause of Right sided heart failure in congenital abnormalities?
Tricuspid valve insufficiency
what is the cause of pressure overload on the heart?
Pulmonary embolism
what is the common consequence of ventricular septal defect?
right atrial dilation
what is the characteristics feature of aortic & subaortic stenosis?
Subvalvular lesions
Left congestive cardiac failure can be caused by?
Aortic valve stenosis
what is the pathology that characterize the left congestive heart failure?
Right sided heart failure due to back pressure on pulmonary arterial circulation
what is the other name for valvular fibrosis & myxomatous or mucoid degeneration ?
Valvular fibroelastosis
In left congestive cardiac failure, what leads to peripheral circulatory failure, (hypovolemic shock)
hemosiderosis of lungs
lymph fluid passes through this channels to other tissues.
- afferent lympahtic vessels
- efferent lymphatic vessels
- medullary sinuses
what is the consequence of increased permeability of renal collecting ducts, mediated by arginine vasopressin in the context of fluid retention?
facilitation of blood & interestitial fluid volume expansion
what happen if compensatory mechanism persist & lead to volume overload?
Development of congestive heart faiulre & edema
in chronic heart failure, what might be common symptom?
exercise intolerance
what is the consequence of acute heart failure in most extreme form?
collapse & sudden death
what term is used when the compensatory mechanism leads to an excessive accumulation of fluid, resulting in tissue swelling.
Congestive heart failure & edema
In circulatory failure, what could sudden & severe drops in cardiac output is less severe?
Compensatory mechanism
what clinical signs may be observed if the change in cardiac output is less severe
alleviation of signs or exercise intolerance
when compensatory mechanism are activated in response to a drop in cardiac output, what may results?
volume overload & congestive heart failure
In acute heart failure, which of the ff is likely to occur in it’s most extreme form?
collapse
what is the primary determinant of cardiac output ?
stroke volume & heart rate
what is the charcteristic feature of valvular endocardiosis in dogs?
Most common causes of congestive heart failure in old dogs
