lesson: 2b The Nasal cavity, Guttural pouches, Larynx, Trachea & Bronchi Flashcards
A serous exidates with serous secretions by reactive sub mucosal glands, has what of implication?
Mild irritation
this type of exudate is a mucus secretion due to goblet cell hyperplasia, an implications is chronic irritations, moderate injury.
Catarrhal exudate
in fibrinous exudate, fibrinogen leakages is from nasal blood vessels. What is the implication here?m
Severe injury to mucosa
In this type of exudates accumulation & exudation of neutrophils, has pyogenic organism implication.
Purulent exudates
in this exudates accumulation of macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells & connective tissue are present, implication is chronic inflammation, pathogen resistant to phagocytosis.
Granulomatous
What is an example of purulent rhinitis?
Strangles (streptococcus equi)
in chronic-rhinitis-sinusitis there is severe ?
goblet cell hyperplasia & increased mucus production
rhinitis & conjuctivitis are frequently seen in?
cat
granulomatous rhinitis is typically associated to organisms that surviving phagocytosis such as _______ & fungal organism ______ & _______
Mycobacterium spp
Cryptococcus
Blastomyces
in granulomatous rhinitis, this polypoid nodule, revealed a multilobulated granuloma containing round bodies w/ a thick capsule, this organism is identified as ______ a human & animal pathogen classified as a protist & not as a true fungus
Rhinosporidium seeberi
nasal infection & rhinitis can spread to sinuses causing?
sinusitis
nasal infection & rhinitis can spread to brain through lamina cribosa causing?
meningitis & encephalitis
nasal infection & rhinitis can spread to middle ear throug eustachian tube causing ?
Otitis
nasal infection & rhinitis can spread to guttural pouches through eustachian tube causing?
Guttural pouch empyema
nasal infection & rhinitis can spread to retropharyngeal lymph nodes via lymphatic vessels causing?
Lymphadenitis
accumulation of pus is referred to as ?
empyema
while accumulation of mucus is known as ?
mucocele
sinusitis in cattle can be caused by?
improper dehorning
charcaterized by an abnormal accumulation of air
Tympany
fungal infection in guttural pouches is also known as?
guttural pouches mycosis
this fungal is present in guttural pouches mycosis?
Fungal hypae
thrombosis of carotid artery in guttural pouches mycosis may lead to
thromboembolism w/ ataxia & blindness
refers to the spread of cancer cells from the primary site of origin to other parts of the body, forming secondary tumors
metastasis
this can be uni or bilateral, it’s often a sequel of upper respiratory infection w/ strangles or other pyogenic bacteria.
Guttural pouches empyema
are immediately adjacent to the internal carotid artery & several cranial nerves.
Guttural pouches hemorrhage
in G. P hemmorhage, this is an important sequel of guttural pouched mycosis & it causes epitaxis
Erosion of carotid artery
In G.P hemorrhage thrombosis of carotid artery will lead to brain?
thromboembolism w/ ataxia & blindness
is a retroviral-induced neoplasia of sheep, goats & cattle, clinical signs are hemorrhage & tumor often becomes infected causing mucopurulent nasal discharge.
Enzootic Nasal Carcinoma or Ethmoidal Tumor
is a secondary infection caused by Fusobacterium necrophorum, pieces of exudate may be aspirated into the lung & can cause bronchopneumonia ,
Necrotic laryngitis
in this inflammation you can see the presence of fibrinonecrotic exudate in the trachea
Viral + bacterial tracheitis
Guttural pouch mycosis occurs primarily in stabled horses and is caused by?
Aspergillus fumigatus and other Aspergillus spp
in chemical fibronecrotic tracheitis the ncerotic mucosa is detaching from the trachea, what could be the chemical can caused this?
Ammonium chloride
clinical signs of parasitic tracheobronchitis
cough
inspiratory whhezing
exercise intolerance
typically implies severe mucosal injuru w/ leakage of fibrinogen from blood vessels.
Fibrinous rhinitis
what are the primary causes of rhinitis in cats ?
- Chlamidophila spp.
- Crytococcus neoformans
what are the causes in secondary pathogens in feline rhinitis
- streptococcus equi. (strangles)
- Bordetella bronchiseptica
- E. coli
this viruses are also important pathogens of the nasal cavity?
- IBR
- EVR
- PI-3 virus
- Adenovirus
- Canine Distemper
- Canine Adenovirus
- Canine PI-virus
strangles (streptococcus equi) causes what disease?
- Rhinitis
- Lymphadenitis
- guttural pouch empyema
rhinitis cause nasty sequels such as:
- sinusitis
- meningitis
- lymphadenitis
& guttural pouches empyema in horses
this infection typically induces cytomegaly & large intranuclear inclusions in nasal epithelium
Inclusion body rhinitis
Nasal tumor are often produce?
- nasal discharge mimicking rhinitis
- may induce exophthalmia
- craniofacial deformation
nasal tumor are generally invasive & can metastasize ?
brain
necrotic laryngitis is also known _______ caused by fusobacterium necrophorum ff. mucosal damage.
Calf Diphteria
lesion are typically a fibrinonecrotic inflammation of the larynx that in some causes results in :
- airway obstruction
- aspiration of exudates
- rarely in septicaemia
is the inflammation of tracheal mucosa & can be caused by a virus, bacteria, fungus or even tracheal aspiration & irritant gases.
Tracheitis
is a parasitic disease of dogs & other carnivores characterized by presence of large nodules in the trachebronchial bifurcation.
Oslerus osleri
the best known lungworms are;
- dictyocaulus viviparus (cattle)
- Dictyocaulus filariae (sheep)
- Metastrongylus apri (pigs)
- Cronosoma vulpis (foxes, dogs, wild animals)
