LESSON 1: CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Flashcards
aorta shunts remains open, shunting occurs from L to R.
Patent ductus arteriosus
failure of ductus arteriousus to close by 3 weeks; normaly it forms what?
ligamentous arteriosum
PDA or patent ductus a. is most common or inherited among what kind of breed?
Poodles, collies, pomeranians
a distinctive lesion common affecting L. atrium associated with acute renal insufficiency in dogs
ulcerative endocarditis
affects myocrardial cells associated with obesity& abundant epicardial fat deposits.
Fatty infiltration
fatty change; accumulatiom of abundant lipid droplets in muscle sarcoplasm; lipofuscinosis w/ cachexia.
Fatty degeneration
is the term for progressive weakening of cardiac muscle.
cardiomyopathy
fatty degeneration is a hereditary lesions in what breeds of cattle?
ayreshire cattle
accumulation of clear to light yellow, watery, serous fluid in the pericardial sac which become distended.
Hydropericardium
accumulation of whole blood in the pericardial sac. Death suddenly follows - cardiac tamponade.
Hemopericardium
the most common; often hematogenous; the bread & butter” heart. with fibrous adhesion
Fibrinous pericarditis
common in cattle; due to traumatic reticuloperitonitis (hardware disease)
suppurative pericarditis
extensive fibrous proliferation & formation of fibrous adhesions across the pericardial space.
constrictive pericarditis
alocalized dilation or outpouching of a thinned & weakened portion of a blood vessel.
aneurysms
list of some causes of aneurysm:
- copper def.
- Spirocerca lupi
- some idiopathic origins
this type of aneurysm is rare, and is seen in birds with & result from intimal disruption.
dissecting aneurysm
this result from sustained increase in pressure or volume overload. It affects muscular arteries.
Arterial hypertrophy
this define as hardening of the arteries; age related frequent animal species.
arteriosclerosis
the accumulation of extensive deposits of lipid, fibrous tissue & calcium in vessel walls. It’s a vascular disease of great importance to humans. Observed in aged dogs w/ hyperthyroidism.
atherosclerosis
atherosclerosis is a vascular disease of greatest importance in humans, it is also observed in age animals w/ hypothyroidism, what are these?
- swine 2. birds 3. dogs
clots & foreign bodies that lodge vessel walls cause significant lesions.
Thrombosis & embolism
what is the term for the inflammation of veins?
phlebitis
specifically refers to inflammation of the veins around the umbilicus (belly button)
Omphalophlebitis
in this disorder affected animals have prominent subcutaneous edema, due to lymph drainage interference.
Hereditary lymphedema
inflammation of lymph vessels; located on vessels of distal limbs
lymphangitis
is a contagious disease of horses, it occurs in cutaneous form w/ the involvement of lymphatic vessels.
Glanders disease
glanders disease is caused by what type of bacteria?
Burkholderia mallei
what is the gross lesion of glanders disease?
multiple ulcerated nodules
subvalvular lesions are often more common. Irregular band or ridges of fobrous tissue stretch across the subaortic endocardium. common in DOGS & SPANISH DOGS
Aortic & subaortic stenosis
blood squirting produce valvular incompetence (jet lesion) & right atrial dilation.
Ventricular septal defect
-this occur at valve site, with or without supra or subvalvular constrictions can lead to right ventricular hypertrophy.
pulmonic stenosis
pulmonic stenosis is common in?
Bulldog, chihuahua, terrier types
Mineralization will occur with?
Vit. d toxicosis
Endocardial fibrosis with or without mineralization in heart chronically dilated with?
Johne’s disease or jet lesions
an important age-related cardiac disease of dogs, & most common cause of congestive heart failure in old dogs, & more frequent in mitral valve.
Valvular endocarditis
what are the lesions of endocarditis?
- Bacterial infection
- large & present on valves
3.Adhering friable, yellow to gray masses “vegation” - if chronic: irregular nodular masses called “verrucae”
parasite which cause endocarditis in horses?
Strongylus vulgaris
give the 2 anatomic forms
- eccenteric hypertrophy
- concenteric hypertrophy
Enlarged cardiac chambers w/ normal to dicreased wall thickness and produced by lesions with increased blood volume
Eccenteric hypertrophy
Characterized by small cardiac chambers w/ thick walls. Result from lesions w/ increase pressure load.
Conceteric hypertrophy
3 stages of myocardial hypertrophy
- IInitiation
- Stable hyperfunction
- Detorioration of function w/ degeneration of hypertrophied muscle
In concentric hypertrophy, the lesions results from increased pressure load. Give 3 examples
Valvular stenosis
Systemic hypertension
Pulmonary disease
In dogs, congenital subaortic stenosis will result to?
Left ventricular hypertrophy
Enumerate the four diseases resulting to right ventricular hypertrophy
- Dirofilariasis
- Congenital pulmonic is stenosis in dogs
- Brisket disease (high altitude disease) in cattle
- Heaves or chronic alveolar emphysema in horses
Primary (idopathic cardiomyopathy)
- hyperthropic
- dilated
- restrictive
Secondary (specific cardiac muscle disease)
- heritable
- nutritional defeciencies
- toxic
- physical injuries
- shock
- endocrine disorder
cardiomyopathy occurs in 2 forms:
- idiopathic cardiomyopathy
- specific cardiac muscle disease
Myocardial infarction is a result of thrombosis or embolism of what artery
coronary artery
fibrous pericarditis in cattle:
Pasteurellosis
backleg
coliform septicimia
fibrinous pericarditis in pig
Glassers disease
Streptococcal disease
fibrinous pericarditris in birds
psittacosis
what are the 4 Neoplastic disease?
- Rhabdomyoma & rhabdomyosarcoma
- Schawnnoma
- Cardiac hemangisarcoma
- Chemodectoma
hydropericardium concurrently occuring with?
hydrothorax & ascites
hydropericardium may occur with ______ & _____
in pigs.
Mulberry heart disease & septicemia
hydropericardium may occur with ____ in small ruminants
heartwater (Cowdria ruminantium)
term to use in inflammation of arteries/blood vessels
Arteritis or Vasculitis
term for generalized venous dilation
Phlebectasia
localized venous dilation of a weakend vascular walls
Varicosity
a rare benign neoplasm of lymph channels
Lymphangioma
_____will turn white intimal surface red
Imbition with hemoglobin
______ found in vein & large elastic arteries
postmortem clots
in postmortem clots, red clots is called?
currant jelly
while in pale clots it’s called ?
chicken fat
