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SYSTEMIC PATHOLOGY > LESSON 1: CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM > Flashcards

LESSON 1: CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

aorta shunts remains open, shunting occurs from L to R.

A

Patent ductus arteriosus

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2
Q

failure of ductus arteriousus to close by 3 weeks; normaly it forms what?

A

ligamentous arteriosum

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3
Q

PDA or patent ductus a. is most common or inherited among what kind of breed?

A

Poodles, collies, pomeranians

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4
Q

a distinctive lesion common affecting L. atrium associated with acute renal insufficiency in dogs

A

ulcerative endocarditis

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5
Q

affects myocrardial cells associated with obesity& abundant epicardial fat deposits.

A

Fatty infiltration

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6
Q

fatty change; accumulatiom of abundant lipid droplets in muscle sarcoplasm; lipofuscinosis w/ cachexia.

A

Fatty degeneration

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7
Q

is the term for progressive weakening of cardiac muscle.

A

cardiomyopathy

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8
Q

fatty degeneration is a hereditary lesions in what breeds of cattle?

A

ayreshire cattle

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9
Q

accumulation of clear to light yellow, watery, serous fluid in the pericardial sac which become distended.

A

Hydropericardium

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10
Q

accumulation of whole blood in the pericardial sac. Death suddenly follows - cardiac tamponade.

A

Hemopericardium

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11
Q

the most common; often hematogenous; the bread & butter” heart. with fibrous adhesion

A

Fibrinous pericarditis

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12
Q

common in cattle; due to traumatic reticuloperitonitis (hardware disease)

A

suppurative pericarditis

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13
Q

extensive fibrous proliferation & formation of fibrous adhesions across the pericardial space.

A

constrictive pericarditis

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14
Q

alocalized dilation or outpouching of a thinned & weakened portion of a blood vessel.

A

aneurysms

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15
Q

list of some causes of aneurysm:

A
  1. copper def.
  2. Spirocerca lupi
  3. some idiopathic origins
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16
Q

this type of aneurysm is rare, and is seen in birds with & result from intimal disruption.

A

dissecting aneurysm

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17
Q

this result from sustained increase in pressure or volume overload. It affects muscular arteries.

A

Arterial hypertrophy

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18
Q

this define as hardening of the arteries; age related frequent animal species.

A

arteriosclerosis

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19
Q

the accumulation of extensive deposits of lipid, fibrous tissue & calcium in vessel walls. It’s a vascular disease of great importance to humans. Observed in aged dogs w/ hyperthyroidism.

A

atherosclerosis

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20
Q

atherosclerosis is a vascular disease of greatest importance in humans, it is also observed in age animals w/ hypothyroidism, what are these?

A
  1. swine 2. birds 3. dogs
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21
Q

clots & foreign bodies that lodge vessel walls cause significant lesions.

A

Thrombosis & embolism

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22
Q

what is the term for the inflammation of veins?

A

phlebitis

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23
Q

specifically refers to inflammation of the veins around the umbilicus (belly button)

A

Omphalophlebitis

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24
Q

in this disorder affected animals have prominent subcutaneous edema, due to lymph drainage interference.

A

Hereditary lymphedema

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25
Q

inflammation of lymph vessels; located on vessels of distal limbs

A

lymphangitis

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26
Q

is a contagious disease of horses, it occurs in cutaneous form w/ the involvement of lymphatic vessels.

A

Glanders disease

27
Q

glanders disease is caused by what type of bacteria?

A

Burkholderia mallei

28
Q

what is the gross lesion of glanders disease?

A

multiple ulcerated nodules

29
Q

subvalvular lesions are often more common. Irregular band or ridges of fobrous tissue stretch across the subaortic endocardium. common in DOGS & SPANISH DOGS

A

Aortic & subaortic stenosis

29
Q

blood squirting produce valvular incompetence (jet lesion) & right atrial dilation.

A

Ventricular septal defect

30
Q

-this occur at valve site, with or without supra or subvalvular constrictions can lead to right ventricular hypertrophy.

A

pulmonic stenosis

31
Q

pulmonic stenosis is common in?

A

Bulldog, chihuahua, terrier types

32
Q

Mineralization will occur with?

A

Vit. d toxicosis

33
Q

Endocardial fibrosis with or without mineralization in heart chronically dilated with?

A

Johne’s disease or jet lesions

34
Q

an important age-related cardiac disease of dogs, & most common cause of congestive heart failure in old dogs, & more frequent in mitral valve.

A

Valvular endocarditis

35
Q

what are the lesions of endocarditis?

A
  1. Bacterial infection
  2. large & present on valves
    3.Adhering friable, yellow to gray masses “vegation”
  3. if chronic: irregular nodular masses called “verrucae”
36
Q

parasite which cause endocarditis in horses?

A

Strongylus vulgaris

37
Q

give the 2 anatomic forms

A
  1. eccenteric hypertrophy
  2. concenteric hypertrophy
38
Q

Enlarged cardiac chambers w/ normal to dicreased wall thickness and produced by lesions with increased blood volume

A

Eccenteric hypertrophy

39
Q

Characterized by small cardiac chambers w/ thick walls. Result from lesions w/ increase pressure load.

A

Conceteric hypertrophy

40
Q

3 stages of myocardial hypertrophy

A
  1. IInitiation
  2. Stable hyperfunction
  3. Detorioration of function w/ degeneration of hypertrophied muscle
41
Q

In concentric hypertrophy, the lesions results from increased pressure load. Give 3 examples

A

Valvular stenosis
Systemic hypertension
Pulmonary disease

42
Q

In dogs, congenital subaortic stenosis will result to?

A

Left ventricular hypertrophy

43
Q

Enumerate the four diseases resulting to right ventricular hypertrophy

A
  1. Dirofilariasis
  2. Congenital pulmonic is stenosis in dogs
  3. Brisket disease (high altitude disease) in cattle
  4. Heaves or chronic alveolar emphysema in horses
44
Q

Primary (idopathic cardiomyopathy)

A
  1. hyperthropic
  2. dilated
  3. restrictive
45
Q

Secondary (specific cardiac muscle disease)

A
  1. heritable
  2. nutritional defeciencies
  3. toxic
  4. physical injuries
  5. shock
  6. endocrine disorder
46
Q

cardiomyopathy occurs in 2 forms:

A
  1. idiopathic cardiomyopathy
  2. specific cardiac muscle disease
47
Q

Myocardial infarction is a result of thrombosis or embolism of what artery

A

coronary artery

48
Q

fibrous pericarditis in cattle:

A

Pasteurellosis
backleg
coliform septicimia

49
Q

fibrinous pericarditis in pig

A

Glassers disease
Streptococcal disease

50
Q

fibrinous pericarditris in birds

A

psittacosis

51
Q

what are the 4 Neoplastic disease?

A
  1. Rhabdomyoma & rhabdomyosarcoma
  2. Schawnnoma
  3. Cardiac hemangisarcoma
  4. Chemodectoma
52
Q

hydropericardium concurrently occuring with?

A

hydrothorax & ascites

53
Q

hydropericardium may occur with ______ & _____
in pigs.

A

Mulberry heart disease & septicemia

54
Q

hydropericardium may occur with ____ in small ruminants

A

heartwater (Cowdria ruminantium)

55
Q

term to use in inflammation of arteries/blood vessels

A

Arteritis or Vasculitis

56
Q

term for generalized venous dilation

A

Phlebectasia

57
Q

localized venous dilation of a weakend vascular walls

A

Varicosity

58
Q

a rare benign neoplasm of lymph channels

A

Lymphangioma

59
Q

_____will turn white intimal surface red

A

Imbition with hemoglobin

60
Q

______ found in vein & large elastic arteries

A

postmortem clots

61
Q

in postmortem clots, red clots is called?

A

currant jelly

62
Q

while in pale clots it’s called ?

A

chicken fat

63
Q
A

SYSTEMIC PATHOLOGY (9 decks)

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