LESSON 3 MATERNAL Flashcards
prevents the incident of preterm birth and infant mortality rate
prenatal care
purposes of prenatal care
establish baseline data
determine the gestational age
monitor fetal development
identify patients at risk for complications
minimize complications
number of times pregnant including present
gravida
number of pregnancies that lasted more than 20 weeks regardless of outcome
para
never pregnant
nulligravida
1st time pregnant
primigravida
2nd and subsequent pregnancy
multigravida
not given birth to 20 weeks
nulliparab
irth to one baby more than 20 weeks
primipara
completed 2 or more pregnancies to the stage of viability
multipara
conceptus to 10th week gestation
embryo
10th week more
fetus
capability of living, 24 weeks
viability
number of living children
living children
one that extends beyond th edate, after 40 weeks, after 294 days from the first day of LMP
postterm / postdate pregnancy
cervical changes and unterine contractions happens 20-37 weeks
preterm labor
any birth that occurs before 37 weeks
preterm birth
series of processes in expelling fetus and placenta
labor
presence of quickening
1st quickening 16-20 weeks
UTZ screen for chromosomal defect
(11-13 weeks)
UTZ for evaluation for fetal health
about 20 weeks
types of pelvic
gynecoid- well rounded
anthropoid- narrow
platypeloid- flattened
android- male or sharp
signs of pregnancy | PRESUMPTIVE
morning sickness
amenorrhea
changes in breast
fatigue
lassitude
urinary frequency
quickening
signs of pregnancy |PROBABLE
chadwick’s
hegar’s
uterine enlargement 12wks
positive pregnancy
ballotment 6th-20wks
outline of the fetal body
goodel’s
souffle, contraction, braxton hicks (28 wks)
positive fetal heartbeat
10 weeks doppler
16 weeks fetoscope
18-20 weeks auscultation
naegele’s rule
LMP add 7 days
add 9 months
age of fgestation
date of visit-LMP/ x weeks
mcdonalds rules
FUNDIC HEIGHT (cm) x 2 / 7= EDD IN MONTHS
FUNDIC HEIGHT (cm) x 8/7 = EDD IN WEEKS
HAASE
If the client is 1-5 months pregnant
Eg. (5 months)2 = 25 cm
If the client is 6-10 months pregnant,
Eg. 7 months x 5 = 35 cm
johnson’s rule
N= is 12 if engaged, 11 if not engaged
K= is 155 (constant)
FUNDIC HEIGHT (cm) – N x K = ____ grams
goodell’s sign
softening of the cervix
hegar’s sign
6 weeks (softening of the uterine segment)
physical changes in the reproductive|
uterus
cervix
vagina
ovary
breast
uterus: hegars sign, increase in fundal height
cervix: goodells sign
vagina: chadwicks, hyperemia, increase vascularity secretion (ph 3.5-6)
ovary- ovulation ceases
breast- tender, enlarged, colostrum at 2nd trimester
integumentary changes|
stria gravidarum
linea nigra
chloasma/melasma
pigmentation
metabolic and endocrine
weight gain-
water metabolism-
protein metabolism
carbohydrate metabolism-
fat metabolism-
iron metabolism
placenta-
pituary-
weight gain- 11-13kg 1st tri 2-4lbs, 2nd tri 12-14lbs 3rd tri 8-12 lbs
water metabolism- 6.5L
protein metabolism- for the uterus, fetus, maternal blood
carbohydrate metabolism- hormones produced by placenta hinders insulin
fat metabolism- more absorbed
iron metabolism- 20-40mg
placenta- (E,P,HCG,HPL)
pituitary- E,P > ; suppressed LH, FSH, oxytocin
CARDIOVASCULAR physical changes
heart-
hematologic-
circulation-
heart- displaced upward, systolic murmur
hematologic- RBC increase, leukocytes elevated, clotting factors increase
circulation- increase volume 40-50%, CO, pulse rate 10-15bpm
slight decrease in BP 30% 2nd and 3rd
Respiratory
Ventiation-
diaphragm-
Ventiation- hyperventilation,
respiratory alkalosis (PCO2
lowers,
Bicarbonate concentration
compensate)
diaphragm-enlarging uterus
elevates the diaphragm
Urinary changes
ureters: dilated and elongated
GRF-decrease renal threshold for
glucose➔glucosuria
PROTEIN IN urine indiates HPN or
renal problem
HORMONE OF WOMAN, INCREASE BLOOD & VASODILATION,
CLOTTING FORMATION, MAMARY GLAND, UTERINE GROWTH
ESTROGEN
HORMONE OF MOTHER, maintains endometrial lining,reduces contractility of the utrus,
CAUSES FLUID RETENTION-edema,anemia, muscle relxant-constipationurinary retention, varicose
veinspyrosis
PROGESTERONE
FIRST PLACENTAL HORMONE- SUPPORTS CORPUS LUTEUM for 3 months,
positive PT 100th day of pregnancy,
CAUSES morning sickness N/V, Negative results after 1-2 weeks after birth
HUMAN CHORIONIC GONODOTROPIN
EXCRETED BY OVARIES CAUSES LORDOSIS, WADDLING GAIT
RELAXIN
GROWTH PROMOTING AND LACTOGENIC, RESPONSIBLE for GDM
HUMAN PLACENTAL LACTOGEN
RESPONSIBLE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF BREASTMILK
PROLACTIN
MUSCLE RELAXANT
OXYTOCIN