complete assessment of a newborn Flashcards
Head normal findings - shape
symmetrical
molded
round
Head normal findings - bones
*Palpable anterior and posterior fontanels
* sutures
* Anterior fontanel flush with neighboring
parts
* Sutures are normally felt as ridges
immediately after birth or as depressions within a day
head variations (A SC COP)
asymmetry
scalp lesions
cephalohematoma
caput succedaneum
posterior fontanel hard to palpate
overriding sutures
head abnormalities (TIGHT SCULPTURES)
T: Tension of the anterior fontanel
I: Increased pulsation of fontanels
G: (Depressed) Good fontanel (dehydration)
H: (Full bulging) Hyper fontanel (intracranial pressure)
T: Tension (severe molding)
S: Subgaleal hemorrhage (notify MD)
C: Craniosynostosis
U: Unusually large or small head
L: (Unusual) Large or small head in relation to body size
P: (Unusual) Pattern of hair or texture
T: (Widened) Tight sutures or fontanels
U: (Depressed skull fracture) Urgent - notify MD
R: (Depressed) Round head (skull fracture)
E: Craniotabes
Eyes usual findings (BEBE CRIES)
B: Blink reflex present
E: Edema (swelling)
B: Blue or gray irises; permanent color develops in 3-12 months
E: Eye alignment (absence of strabismus until 4-6 months)
C: Cornea is round
R: Red reflex present
I: Indication of absence of tears
E: Eyes can follow midline with rudimentary fixation on objects
S: Subconjunctival hemorrhage (red spot on the sclera, absorbed in 2-3 weeks)
Eyes abnormalities (DROPPING CUES HYPER)
D: Drooping of the eyelids
R: Retinal hemorrhage
O: Outward slant (upward slant in non-oriental)
P: Purulent discharge
P: Pink iris
I: Inability to follow an object or bright light to midline
N: Non-centered pupils (deviated to right or left)
G: Green or yellow sclera (blue or yellow sclera)
C: Constricted or dilated fixed pupil
U: Unusual distance between pupils (hypertelorism or hypotelorism)
E: Edema or inflammation
S: Setting-sun sign
H: Hypertelorism
Y: Yellow sclera (indicating jaundice)
P: Presence of congenital cataracts
E: Eye abnormalities such as absence of red reflex or pupillary/corneal reflex
EARS usual findings (WUC)
*Well-formed
*Upper part of ear should be on same plane or above angle of eye
* Cartilage present
EARS variations (PAM)
- Preauricular papillomas (ear tags) may be present
- Amt. of cartilage varies (less with prematurity)
- May be folded or creased
EARS abnormalities (ML)
Malformations
low placement or low set of ears
NOSE usual findings (MAS)
Usual Findings:
* Midline of face
* Appears flattened
* Should breathe easily through nose when mouth is closed
NOSE abnormalities (DUM FANS)
Abnormalities:
D: Deviated to the right or left
U: Unusual flattening (malformation or unusual flattening)
M: Malformed nose
F: Flaring of nares
A: Atresia (stenosis of naris, as in choanal atresia)
N: Nasal obstruction (can be implied with choanal atresia)
S: Symmetry (look for asymmetry in the nasal structures)
MOUTH usual findings
P: Pink lips
L: Lips, gums, tongue, and palate are pink (normal appearance)
U: Uvula in midline
G: Good size tongue (normal size)
S: Sucking, rooting, gag, and extrusion reflexes present
mouth Variations: (PEARL COT)
P: Presence of Epstein pearls (small white epithelial cysts on the hard palate)
E: Epstein pearls
A: Absence of teeth (can be present or cysts)
R: Rear gums whitish
L: Lips (circumoral cyanosis)
C: Cystic teeth (inclusion cysts, whitish tooth-like)
O: Oral conditions
T: Teeth can be present or cysts
Mouth abnormalities (CLAPPED TO MOUTH)
C: Cleft lip or palate
L: Large and thick (prominent tongue)
A: Atresia (tracheoesophageal fistula/esophageal atresia with mucus, drooling)
P: Protrusion of tongue
P: Persistent cyanosis
E: Esophageal concerns (blowing bubbles, mucus, drooling)
D: Drooling (with tracheoesophageal fistula concerns)
T: Thrush (tongue thrush)
O: Oral candidiasis (Moniliasis/white cheesy patches)
M: Mouth-tied (frenulum linguae/tongue tie affecting sucking)
FACE /NECK usual findings (NFT)
Neck short and straight
Face symmetrical
Tonic neck reflex present
