antepartum discomfort Flashcards
Caused by elevated levels of
human chorionic
gonadotropin and other
pregnancy hormones as well
as changes in carbohydrate
metabolism
Nausea and Vomiting
NAUSEA AND VOMITING
NURSING INTERVENTIONS
N - o brushig of teeth after arising
A - void spicy and fried foods
U- se of herbal and Accupuncture- Ask your doctor
S - mall frequent, low fat feeding, Liquid in between
E - at dry crackers before arising
A- nti-emetic medications as prescribed
NAUSEA AND VOMITING
NURSING DIAGNOSIS
Risk for Fluid Volume Deficit
occurs in the first trimester;
supine hypotension occurs
particularly in the second and third trimesters.
SYNCOPE
SYNCOPE
NURSING INTERVENTIONS
C.O.P.E.
C- hange position carefully
O - h no! Supine position, Supine Hypotension!
P-ressure of Uterus in Inferior vena Cava.
E - levate legs while sitting
increased blood
volume, anemia, fatigue, sudden
position changes, or lying supine
syncope
SYNCOPE
NURSING DIAGNOSIS
Risk for Injury
Ineffective Tissue Perfusion
Knowledge deficit
Caused by
pressure of the
uterus on the
bladder
URINARY FREQUENCY
AND URGENCY
URINARY FREQUENCY AND URGENCY
NURSING INTERVENTIONS
K.I.D.N.E.Y
K - egel’s exercise
I - ntake of fluid in evening - LIMIT IT!
D- rink no less than 2000ml/day
N- ight time - side lying position
E- mpty bladder regularly
Y - ou wear Perineal pads if necessary
URINARY FREQUENCY AND URGENCY
NURSING DIAGNOSIS
Risk for Infection
Impaired Urinary
Elimination
Caused by
increased levels
of estrogen and
progesterone
BREAST TENDERNESS
BREAST TENDERNESS
NURSING INTERVENTIONS
B.B. BRA.
B - reast - don’t wash with soap - can cause drying
B- reast examination for fissures, abscess
BRA - wide strap, supporter bra
BREAST TENDERNESS
NURSING DIAGNOSIS
Risk for Infection
Altered Comfort: Pain
Hyperthermia
Caused by
hypertrophy and
thickening of the
vaginal mucosa and
increased mucus
production
INCREASED VAGINAL
DISCHARGE
INCREASED VAGINAL DISCHARGE
NURSING INTERVENTIONS:
K.E.P.S
K - oton underwear
E - ndi gid mag Douche!
P- roper cleansing and Hygiene
S - ee a doctor if infection occurs
NASAL STUFFINESS
NURSING DIAGNOSIS
INEFFECTIVE BREATHING
PATTERN
INEFFECTIVE AIRWAY
CLEARANCE
INCREASED VAGINAL DISCHARGE
NURSING DIAGNOSIS:
RISK FOR INFECTION
Results from increased estrogen, which causes edema of the nasal tissues and dryness
NASAL STUFFINESS
NASAL STUFFINESS
NURSING INTERVENTION
Encouraging the use of a humidifier
Avoiding the use of nasal sprays
or antihistamines (the HCP should
be consulted about their use)
Occurs usually in
the first and third
trimesters
Usually results from
hormonal changeS
FATIGUE
FATIGUE
NURSING INTERVENTIONS
K.A.P.O.Y.
K- eep frequent rest periods throughout the day
A - void eating food containing stimulants
P -erform muscle strengthening and leg relaxation
O - btain regular exercise
Y - es to Correct posture and body mechanics
FATIGUE
NURSING DIAGNOSIS
Fatigue
ACTIVITY INTOLERANCE
RISK FOR INJURY
Results from increased
progesterone levels,
decreased gastrointestinal
motility, esophageal reflux,
and displacement of the
stomach by the enlarging
uterus
HEARTBURN
HEARTBURN
NURSING INTERVENTIONS
H- ealth care provider need to know about antacids
E - at small, frequent feedings, drink milk between
meals
A -void fatty and spicy food
R-est, Upright sitting position 30minutes after meals
T- ailor sitting exercise
HEARTBURN
NURSING DIAGNOSIS:
Imbalanced Nutrition: Less Than Body
Requirements
Acute Pain
Imbalanced Nutrition: More Than Body
Requirements
Risk for Aspiration
Deficient Knowledge
Results from
vasodilation,
venous stasis, and
increased venous
pressure below the
uterus
ANKLE EDEMA
ANKLE EDEMA
NURSING INTERVENTIONS
A- VOID standing and sitting in long periods
N- ice to elevate your legs while resting 2x a day
K- eep wearing supportive hose or stockings
L- ie in side-lying when sleeping
ANKLE EDEMA
NURSING DIAGNOSIS
FLUID VOLUME EXCESS
ACUTE PAIN
ACTIVITY INTOLERANCE
Result from
weakening walls of
the veins or valves
and venous
congestion
VARICOSE VEINS
Usually occur in the
second and third
trimesters
Result from increased
venous pressure and
constipation
HEMORRHOIDS
VARICOSE VEINS
NURSING DIAGNOSIS
ACUTE PAIN
ACTIVITY INTOLERANCE
RISK FOR INJURY
VARICOSE VEINS
NURSING INTERVENTION
V.E.I.N.S
V - ein support leg stockings or hose, non-constricting
E - levate feet when resting
I - n lying, elevate feets and hips
N - o long period of standing and LEG CROSSING
S - tand and move, to improve circulation
Usually considered
benign in the first
trimester. May need
further investigation if
occurring in the second
and third trimesters
Result from changes in
blood volume and
vascular tone
HEADACHES
HEADACHES
NURSING INTERVENTIONS:
A -pply cold cloth in the forehead
C- hanging position slowly
H - CP prescribed acetaminophen
E - ating small snacks
HEADACHES
NURSING DIAGNOSIS
ACUTE PAIN
ALTERED COMFORT: PAIN
Hemorrhoids nursing interventions
Soaking in a warm sitz bath
Sitting on a soft pillow
Eating high-fiber foods and drinking sufficient
fluids to avoid constipation
Increasing exercise, such as walking
Applying ointments, suppositories, or compresses
as prescribed by the HCP
HEMORRHOIDS
NURSING DIAGNOSIS
ACUTE PAIN
ALTERED COMFORT: PAIN
INEFFECTIVE BOWEL ELIMINATION
CONSTIPATION
NURSING DIAGNOSIS
INEFFECTIVE BOWEL ELIMINATION
CONSTIPATION
CONSTIPATION
NURSING INTERVENTIONS:
Eating high-fiber foods such as whole grains,
fruits, and vegetables
Drinking no less than 2000 mL per day
Exercising regularly, such as a daily 20- minute
walk
Consulting with the HCP about interventions
such as the use of stool softeners, laxatives, or
enemas
Results from an increase in
progesterone produc tion,
decreased intestinal
motility, displacement of
the intestines, pressure of
the uterus, and taking iron
supplements
CONSTIPATION
Caused by an exaggerated
lumbosacral curve
resulting from an enlarged
uterus
Risk for falls; teach to
move about slowly
BACKACHE
BACKACHE
NURSING INTERVENTION
L.I.K.O.D
L- ie on a firm mattress especially sleeping
I- nitiate Pelvic-rock exercises and relaxation techniques
K- eep in mind, correct body mechanics and posture
O- btain rest
D - eal with low-heeled, comfortable, and supportive shoe
BACKACHE
NURSING DIAGNOSIS
RISK FOR INJURY
ACUTE PAIN
ALTERED COMFORT: PAIN
ACTIVITY INTOLERANCE
Result from an
altered calciumphosphorus balance
and pressure of the
uterus on nerves or
from fatigue
LEG CRAMPS
Result from an
altered calciumphosphorus balance
and pressure of the
uterus on nerves or
from fatigue
Leg cramps
leg cramps
C.R.M.P.
C - alcium intake increase
R - egular exercise
M - aintain walking exercise
P - erform Dorsiflexion of the affected leg
Can occur in the
second and third
trimesters
Results from
pressure on the
diaphragm from the
enlarged uterus
SHORTNESS OF BREATHING
SHORTNESS OF BREATHING NURSING INTERVENTION
Taking frequent rest periods
Sitting and sleeping with the head elevated or
on the side
Avoiding overexertion
SHORTNESS OF BREATHING
INEFFECTIVE BREATHING PATTERN
